උදවු:HTML in wikitext
මෙම පිටුව ඉංග්රීසි ව්යාපෘතියෙන් මෙහි ගෙනවිත් ඇත. අන්තර්ගතය අපගේ ව්යාපෘතිය සමඟ 100% නොගැලපෙනමුත් අපගේ අවශ්යතාවයන් වලට අනුකූලව ගොඩනගා ගැනීම සඳහා මූලික පියවර ලෙස භාවිතා කළ හැකිය. |
මෙම උදවු පිටුව කෙලෙසද-මාර්ගෝපදේශනයකි. මෙය විකිපීඩියාවේ ප්රතිමාන සහ ක්රියාමාර්ගවල සමහර ලක්ෂණ විස්තර කරයි. එය විකිපීඩියාවේ ප්රතිපත්ති සහ මාර්ගෝපදේශන අතුරින් එකක් නොවේ, and may reflect varying levels of consensus and vetting. මෙම පිටුව තුල කිසිවක් අසංගත නම් එම ප්රතිපත්ති සහ මාර්ගෝපදේශන වෙත යොමු වන්න |
HTML |
---|
Comparisons |
The MediaWiki software, which drives Wikipedia, allows the use of a subset of HTML 5 elements, or tags and their attributes, for presentation formatting.[1] But most HTML can be included by using equivalent wiki markup or templates; these are generally preferred within articles, as they are sometimes simpler for most editors and less intrusive in the editing window; but Wikipedia's Manual of Style recommends their use in certain cases. (See Help:Wikitext for wiki equivalents to HTML tags not otherwise discussed below.) And HTML is useful outside of articles, for example for formatting within templates. For help with Cascading Style Sheet use within Wikipedia see Help:Cascading Style Sheets.
Some tags look like HTML, but are actually MediaWiki parser and extension tags, and so are really wiki markup. HTML in pages can be checked for HTML5 compliance by using validation. Some elements and attributes are supported by MediaWiki and browsers, but have been deprecated by HTML5, and therefore should no longer be used.
Tutorials
[සංස්කරණය]This help page gives only an overview of allowed markup. For further assistance and detailed specifications:
- HTML5 Introduction at developer.mozilla.org
- HTML5 Introduction at w3schools.com
Attributes
[සංස්කරණය]HTML attributes provide additional information about an element and are always specified in the start tag. They are formatted as a name/value pair like name="value"
.
Global attributes apply to all tags. Attributes not listed here are not allowed by MediaWiki[1]:
class
: one or more classifications to which the element belongs. See Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes.dir
: text direction—"ltr"
(left-to-right),"rtl"
(right-to-left) or"auto"
.id
: unique identifier for the element.lang
: primary language for the contents of the element per BCP 47.style
: applies CSS styling to the contents of the element.title
: advisory information associated with the element.
HTML5 microdata attributes apply to all tags:[2]
- Any attribute beginning with
data-
itemid
itemprop
itemref
itemscope
itemtype
Other tags such as <table>
support specific attributes – these are listed in the appropriate section.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
This is red text.
|
The MediaWiki Sanitizer.php
does some cleanup on attributes. A best practice is to use the proper syntax.
- Discards attributes not on a whitelist for the given element.
- Turns broken or invalid entities into plaintext.
- Double-quotes all attribute values.
- Attributes without values are given the name as value.
- Double attributes are discarded.
- Unsafe style attributes are discarded.
- Prepends space if there are attributes.
Elements
[සංස්කරණය]These HTML elements are supported by the MediaWiki software. This section gives a brief overview of the HTML element, an example, relevant wikimarkup and templates.
Basic
[සංස්කරණය]h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6
[සංස්කරණය]The <h1>...</h1>
through <h6>...</h6>
tags are headings for the sections with which they are associated. <h1>
is used for the article title. Headings are styled through CSS and added to the page's table of contents.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Heading 2</h2> <h3>Heading 3</h3> <h4>Heading 4</h4> <h5>Heading 5</h5> <h6>Heading 6</h6> |
|
Wikimarkup: surround the text with the appropriate number of equal signs. Headers formatted with wikimarkup add an [edit] link.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
= Heading 1 = == Heading 2 == === Heading 3 === ==== Heading 4 ==== ===== Heading 5 ===== ====== Heading 6 ====== |
|
Templates: {{fake heading}}
for use in documentation
p
[සංස්කරණය]<p>...</p>
tag places content into a separate paragraph.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<p>HyperText Markup Language</p><p>HyperText Markup Language</p> |
HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language |
Wikimarkup: Separate paragraphs by a single blank line.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language |
HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language |
<p>...</p>
is especially useful in lists, for list items with multiple paragraphs:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
Note that the closing tag </p>
is not strictly necessary for MediaWiki installations that output HTML 5 (such as Wikipedia).
br
[සංස්කරණය]<br>
inserts a line break. See H:BR for the other 4 versions that the MediaWiki software converts to <br />
in the HTML that browsers read.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText<br>Markup Language |
HyperText
Markup Language |
Templates:
{{break}}
adds multiple line breaks.{{crlf2}}
adds a true carriage return and line feed.{{clear}}
adds a break with styling to clear floating elements.{{plainlist}}
creates an unbulleted list.
hr
[සංස්කරණය]<hr>
or <hr />
represents a paragraph-level thematic break and presents as a horizontal rule.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<hr /> |
|
Wikimarkup: use ----
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
---- |
|
Templates: {{hr}}
Comments
[සංස්කරණය]<!--...-->
formats the enclosed text as a hidden comment.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText<!--Markup Language--> |
HyperText
|
Be careful with spacing around comments. Surrounding a comment with blank lines will result in a blank paragraph, perceived as an extra two blank lines:
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Content line 1 <!-- Comment --> Content line 2 |
Content line 1
|
Formatting
[සංස්කරණය]abbr
[සංස්කරණය]<abbr>...</abbr>
creates a tooltip to define an abbreviation or acronym that is displayed on mouse-over.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> |
HTML
|
Templates: {{abbr}}
b
[සංස්කරණය]<b>...</b>
formats text stylistically offset from other text (bold) without conveying extra importance.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<b>HyperText Markup Language</b> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Wikimarkup: Use '''
to open and close bold text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
'''HyperText Markup Language''' |
HyperText Markup Language
|
bdi
[සංස්කරණය]<bdi>...</bdi>
isolates the content from the surrounding text-direction settings.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
اليمين إلى اليسارleft to right |
اليمين إلى اليسارleft to right |
اليمين إلى اليسار<bdi>left to right</bdi> |
اليمين إلى اليسارleft to right
|
Support: Firefox, Chrome
bdo
[සංස්කරණය]<bdo>...</bdo>
specifies the text direction.
Attributes and values:
dir
– Specifies the text direction.ltr
rtl
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<bdo dir="rtl">HyperText Markup Language</bdo> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
blockquote
[සංස්කරණය]<blockquote>...</blockquote>
presents text in an offset block.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<blockquote>HyperText Markup Language</blockquote> |
|
Templates: {{quote}}
; supports pre-formatted attribution and source parameters. For other specialized quotation templates, see Category:Quotation templates.
cite
[සංස්කරණය]<cite>...</cite>
contains the title of a work. This is a new definition in HTML5— in the previous XML implementation <cite>
was used to contain a citation or a reference to other sources. No formatting is applied when this tag is used.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<cite>HyperText Markup Language</cite> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
<cite>...</cite>
is generally not used directly in Wikipedia articles, and is often misused; see Wikipedia:HTML 5#cite for replacement instructions.
code
[සංස්කරණය]<code>...</code>
formats a section of computer code. Styled with CSS through mediawiki.skinning/elements.less
as a monospaced typeface with a grey background and border.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<code>HyperText Markup Language</code> |
HyperText Markup Language |
Templates: {{code}}
uses <syntaxhighlight>
. See the "See also" section at the template page for additional code-markup templates.
See § samp and § kbd on this page for semantic markup of output and input, respectively.
data
[සංස්කරණය]<data>...</data>
formats a machine-readable version of contents.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<data value="978-0764502149">HTML for Dummies</data> |
HTML for Dummies
|
Attributes: value
del
[සංස්කරණය]<del>...</del>
formats deleted text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<del>HyperText Markup Language</del> |
|
dfn
[සංස්කරණය]<dfn>...</dfn>
is used for indicating the defining instance of a term.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<dfn>Definition</dfn> |
Definition
|
Templates: {{dfn}}
em
[සංස්කරණය]<em>...</em>
represents a span of text with emphatic stress (i.e. semantic emphasis). In most browsers, it renders as italic.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<em>HyperText Markup Language</em> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates: {{em}}
i
[සංස්කරණය]<i>...</i>
represents a span of text offset from its surrounding content without conveying any extra emphasis or importance, and for which the conventional typographic presentation is italic text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<i>HyperText Markup Language</i> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Wikimarkup: Use ''
to open and close italic text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
''HyperText Markup Language'' |
HyperText Markup Language
|
ins
[සංස්කරණය]<ins>...</ins>
indicates a range of text that has been added. Styled as underlined text. Used on talk pages to indicate refactored text; see WP:REDACT.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<ins>HyperText Markup Language</ins> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
kbd
[සංස්කරණය]<kbd>...</kbd>
indicates user input such as keyboard input or voice commands.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Press <kbd>Enter</kbd> |
Press Enter
|
Templates:
{{kbd}}
applies monospace styling, and a light-grey background to distinguish from code (<code>
) and output (<samp>
or{{samp}}
).{{key press}}
renders illustrated keys and keystrokes.
mark
[සංස්කරණය]<mark>...</mark>
represents a run of text in one document marked or highlighted for reference purposes, due to its relevance in another context. Marked text is formatted with a yellow background by default.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<mark>HyperText Markup Language</mark> |
HyperText Markup Language |
<mark style="background:lightblue;">HyperText Markup Language</mark> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Support: Not supported by Internet Explorer 8 and below.
pre
[සංස්කරණය]<pre>...</pre>
element represents a block of preformatted text. In MediaWiki, <pre>
is actually a parser tag and not HTML, but the function is the same. It also prevents the parsing of templates.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<pre>HyperText Markup Language</pre> |
HyperText Markup Language |
HTML entities
[සංස්කරණය]<pre>
parses HTML entities. If you want to escape this, replace &
with &
, or use <syntaxhighlight lang="text">
instead.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<pre>&</pre> |
& |
<pre><</pre> |
< |
<pre>&amp;</pre> |
& |
<pre>&lt;</pre> |
< |
Templates:
{{pre}}
wraps text that overflows the page.
q
[සංස්කරණය]<q>...</q>
is used to mark a short quotation. There has been very little implementation of this element in Wikipedia yet.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<q>HyperText Markup Language</q> |
HyperText Markup Language |
says Wikipedia should instead use "", {{quote}}, or <blockquote>.
rp, rt, ruby
[සංස්කරණය]<ruby>...</ruby>
marks spans of phrasing content with ruby annotations.
<rt>...</rt>
marks the ruby text component of a ruby annotation; the ruby text shows in a reduced size over top of the normal characters.<rp>...</rp>
is used to provide parentheses around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation, to be shown by user agents that don't support ruby annotations.
Browsers that do not support ruby characters will show the ruby text in normal size, enclosed in parentheses and after the normal content.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
東 京 |
Templates:
{{ruby}}
{{ruby-ja}}
for Japanese{{Ruby-zh-p}}
for Chinese pinyin{{Ruby-zh-b}}
for Chinese bopomofo
s
[සංස්කරණය]<s>...</s>
is used to indicate content that is no longer accurate or relevant and that has been struck from the page. It is not appropriate when indicating document edits; to mark a span of text as having been removed from a document, use <del>
.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<s>HyperText Markup Language</s> |
|
Templates: {{strikethrough}}
samp
[සංස්කරණය]<samp>...</samp>
indicates sample output from a program or computing system. Examples include: output of a program, script, or Wikipedia template; status displays or audio announcements made by an app or device; file system directory listings and samples from them, such as paths and file names.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<samp>HyperText Markup Language</samp> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates: {{samp}}
applies monospace styling, and gives the text in dark grey to distinguish from code (<code>
) and input (<kbd>
or {{kbd}}
).
small
[සංස්කරණය]<small>...</small>
format small text.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<small>HyperText Markup Language</small> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates:
{{small}}
uses<span style="font-size:85%;">
.{{small}}
is recommended over<small>
since<small>...</small>
has a semantic meaning that is for fine print, whereas{{small}}
is purely stylistic.
strong
[සංස්කරණය]<strong>...</strong>
formats a span of text with strong importance or unusual emphasis; in most browsers it renders as boldface. This should generally not be used in Wikipedia articles, per WP:Neutral point of view policy. See on use of this element and other boldfacing. Most semantic emphasis, including in quoted material, should be rendered with the <em>
element.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<strong>HyperText Markup Language</strong> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates: {{strong}}
sub
[සංස්කරණය]<sub>...</sub>
formats a span of text as a subscript.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText <sub>Markup Language</sub> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates:
sup
[සංස්කරණය]<sup>...</sup>
formats a span of text as a superscript.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText <sup>Markup Language</sup> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates:
{{sub}}
(subscript text){{subsub}}
(subscript subscript text){{ssub}}
(subscript, small text){{sup}}
(superscript text){{su}}
(superscriptsubscript text){{sup sub}}
(textsupsub){{e}}
(1.23×104)
time
[සංස්කරණය]<time>...</time>
defines either a time (24 hour clock), or a date in the Gregorian calendar, optionally with a time and a time-zone offset.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<time>10:00</time> |
|
Attributes: datetime
Support: Not supported by Internet Explorer 8 and below.
u
[සංස්කරණය]<u>...</u>
represents a span of text offset from its surrounding content without conveying any extra emphasis or importance, and for which the conventional typographic presentation is underlining; for example, a span of text in Chinese that is a proper name (a Chinese proper name mark), or span of text that is known to be misspelled.
<u>
was presentational element of HTML that was originally used to underline text; this usage was deprecated in HTML4 in favor of the CSS style {text-decoration: underline}
.[3] In HTML5, the tag reappeared but its meaning was changed significantly: it now "represents a span of inline text which should be rendered in a way that indicates that it has a non-textual annotation".[3] This facility is intended for example to provide a red wavy line underline to flag spelling errors at input time but which are not to be embedded in any stored file (unlike an emphasis mark, which would be).
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
<u>HyperText Markup Language</u> |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Templates: {{underline}}
(which supplies the recommended CSS style)
var
[සංස්කරණය]<var>...</var>
formats text in italics to indicate a variable in a mathematical expression or programming context, or placeholder text that the reader is meant to mentally replace with some other literal value.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
Templates:
wbr
[සංස්කරණය]<wbr>
is a word break opportunity; that is, it specifies where it would be OK to add a line-break where a word is too long, or it is perceived that the browser will break a line at the wrong place.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
Now is the time to become a power editor, by learning HyperText Markup Language |
Now is the time to become a power editor, by learning HyperText Markup Language |
Now is the time to become a power editor, by learning Hyper<wbr>Text Markup Language |
Now is the time to become a power editor, by learning Hyper
|
As the browser window is adjusted narrower, the second example wraps between Hyper and Text.
Lists
[සංස්කරණය]Do not leave blank lines between items in a list unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list.
dl, dt, dd
[සංස්කරණය]<dl>...</dl>
, <dt>...</dt>
and <dd>...</dd>
are used to create a description list (formerly definition list) with terms and descriptions. Terms are displayed in bold and descriptions are indented. Each term must include one or more descriptions.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
Wikimarkup: <dt>
is created using ;
while automatically enclosed in <dl>...</dl>
. <dd>
is created using :
for each value. For a single or first value the :
can be placed on the same line after ;
where subsequent values must be placed on separate lines.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
Templates: {{defn}}
ol, ul, li
[සංස්කරණය]<ol>...</ol>
represents an ordered list; <ul>...</ul>
represents an unordered list; <li>...</li>
represents a list item within either type of list.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
|
|
Wikimarkup: use *
for items in an unordered list and #
for ordered lists.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
|
|
|
|
Templates: for a variety of specialized uses, see Category:List formatting and function templates.
Containers
[සංස්කරණය]div
[සංස්කරණය]<div>...</div>
is a generic container for flow content that displays as a block element.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText <div>Markup</div> Language |
HyperText
Markup Language |
span
[සංස්කරණය]<span>...</span>
is a container for flow content that displays as an inline element.
Markup | Renders as |
---|---|
HyperText <span>Markup</span> Language |
HyperText Markup Language
|
Tables
[සංස්කරණය]table, td, tr
[සංස්කරණය]<table>...</table>
defines a table.
<tr>...</tr>
defines a table row.<td>...</td>
defines a data cell with contents that may include text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.
Markup | Renders as | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
| ||
Attributes:
<table>
:- Allowed but not recommended:
border=""
andborder="1"
- Allowed but obsolete:
border
(with a non-empty value different from "1"),align
,bgcolor
,cellpadding
,cellspacing
,frame
,rules
,summary
,width
[4]
- Allowed but not recommended:
<td>
:colspan
,headers
,rowspan
- Allowed but obsolete:
abbr
,align
,axis
,bgcolor
,scope
,height
,nowrap
,valign
,width
[4]
- Allowed but obsolete:
th
[සංස්කරණය]<th>...</th>
defines a table header; styled as centered and bold.
Markup | Renders as | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
Attributes:
<th>
:colspan
,headers
,rowspan
,scope
- Allowed but obsolete:
abbr
,align
,axis
,bgcolor
,height
,nowrap
,valign
,width
[4]
- Allowed but obsolete:
caption
[සංස්කරණය]<caption>...</caption>
adds a caption to a table.
Markup | Renders as | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
| ||
Attributes:
<caption>
:- Allowed but obsolete:
align
[4]
- Allowed but obsolete:
thead, tfoot, tbody
[සංස්කරණය]<thead>
, <tfoot>
and <tbody>
are not supported, but are automatically generated when the page is rendered.
Obsolete/deprecated elements
[සංස්කරණය]These elements are now obsolete and either deprecated or removed in HTML5, but still supported by browsers.[4] These tags should not be used on Wikipedia. These tags either have an alternate tag or a template that replaces their function with CSS. See Wikipedia:HTML5#Obsolete elements and attributes § Notes for more details on obsolete HTML parts and their replacements.
center
[සංස්කරණය] is used to center text elements.
<center>...</center>
(obsolete)
Templates: {{center}}
uses CSS.
font
[සංස්කරණය] is used to set the font size, font face and color of text.
<font>...</font>
(obsolete)
Templates: {{font}}
uses CSS.
rb
[සංස්කරණය] Used to mark base text in a ruby annotation
<rb>...</rb>
(obsolete)
For replacements, see: Help:HTML in wikitext#rp, rt, ruby
strike
[සංස්කරණය] formats strike-through characters; use <strike>...</strike>
(obsolete)<s>
instead.
tt
[සංස්කරණය] formats text in a fixed-width font. Use <tt>...</tt>
(obsolete)<code>
, <kbd>
or <samp>
instead.
Templates: {{mono}}
uses CSS.
Unsupported elements
[සංස්කරණය]These elements are not supported, but have equivalent wiki markup. Attempting to use any element not whitelisted by Sanitizer.php
will result in the markup showing as plain text.
a
[සංස්කරණය]<a>
is used to create links. Use the [[ ]]
wikimarkup for internal/intrawiki links and interwiki links, and [ ]
for external links.
input
[සංස්කරණය]<input>
is used to create forms. The <inputbox>
extension tag is used to create a text box with a button.
HTML Tidy
[සංස්කරණය]HTML Tidy is an outdated HTML4 library that is slated for removal. Tidy parses the MediaWiki output and cleans it up to increase the likelihood that valid HTML4 is rendered. For example, with Tidy enabled, <br>
, </br>
, <br/>
, <br.>
all rendered as <br />
. Tidy is not enabled for MediaWiki interface pages. Tidy was never perfect and has been known to introduce errors.
Exceptions
[සංස්කරණය]In some pages in the MediaWiki namespace, typically the short messages like button labels, HTML is not parsed, and tags will be exposed.
User and sitewide CSS and JavaScript pages are interpreted as if inside a <pre>
block. See Help:User style.
Validation
[සංස්කරණය]The MediaWiki software attempts to fix HTML errors, but it does not catch all of them. Where HTML is used, it is helpful to verify it with the W3C Markup Validation Service.
Parser and extension tags
[සංස්කරණය]For a machine-generated list, see Special:Version#mw-version-parser-extensiontags. It may include tags not documented here.
- Parser tags
<gallery>
,<includeonly>
,<noinclude>
,<nowiki>
,<onlyinclude>
,<pre>
- Extension tags
<categorytree>
,<charinsert>
,<chem>
(alias<ce>
),<graph>
,<hiero>
,<imagemap>
,<indicator>
,<inputbox>
,<mapframe>
,<maplink>
,<math>
,<math chem>
,<poem>
,<ref>
,<references>
,<score>
,<section>
,<syntaxhighlight>
(alias<source>
),<templatedata>
,<templatestyles>
,<timeline>
See also
[සංස්කරණය]References
[සංස්කරණය]- ^ a b Allowable elements and attributes are defined in the
Sanitizer.php
module. - ^ "The microdata model". HTML Living Standard.
- ^ a b "<u>: The Unarticulated Annotation (Underline) element". mozilla.org. 1 August 2020. සම්ප්රවේශය 9 October 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML: Obsolete Features". W3C. 31 July 2014.
External links
[සංස්කරණය]- HTML 4.01 specification: elements | attributes
- HTML 5.2 specification: elements | attributes