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පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයේ සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයෝ

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
  Current member states
  Partially suspended member state
  Former member states
  British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies

පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලය යනු, පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය රටවල් ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ස්වෛරී රාජ්‍ය 56 ක ස්වේච්ඡා සංගමයක් වෙයි.[1] ඒවායින් බොහොමයක් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යටත් විජිත හෝ ඒවායේ පරායත්ත රාජ්‍ය වෙයි.

වත්මන් සාමාජිකයෝ[සංස්කරණය]

පහත දැක්වෙන සියලුම දින පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ජාතීන්ගේ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයේ සාමාජික ලැයිස්තුවෙන්,[2] වන අතර ජනගහන සංඛ්‍යා 2020 පෙබරවාරි 1 වන දිනට අදාළව වෙයි.

රට ප්‍රථම වරට සාමාජික වීම එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ මහාද්වීපික කලාපය එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ භූගෝලීය උප කලාපය ජනගහණය[3] ආණ්ඩු ක්‍රමය සටහන්[A]
 Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 Americas Caribbean 94,298 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Australia 19 November 1926 Oceania Australia and New Zealand 26,256,970 Federal Commonwealth realm Australia was one of the original Dominions at the time of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the statute was not adopted in Australia until 1942 (with retroactive effect from 1939).[4] The Australia Act 1986 eliminated the remaining possibilities for the UK to legislate with effect in Australia, for the UK to be involved in Australian government, and for an appeal from any Australian court to a British court.[5]
 Bahamas 10 July 1973 Americas Caribbean 412,623 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Bangladesh 18 April 1972[6] Asia Southern Asia 172,954,319 Unitary Westminster republic Declared independence from Pakistan in 1971.[7]
 Barbados 30 November 1966 Americas Caribbean 281,995 Unitary Westminster republic Barbados removed Elizabeth II as its head of state and became a republic on 30 November 2021.[8][9]
 Belize 21 September 1981 Americas Central America 410,825 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Botswana 30 September 1966 Africa Southern Africa 2,675,352 Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
 Brunei 7 May 1984 Asia South-eastern Asia 452,524 Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy
Cameroon 1 November 1995[10] Africa Middle Africa 28,647,293 Unitary semi-presidential republic Most of the country was the formerly French mandate territory (later UN trust territory) of Cameroun, which gained independence from France on 1 January 1960. It united with the much smaller former British mandate/trust territory of Southern Cameroons, which gained independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1961.
 Canada 19 November 1926 Americas North America 39,244,168 Federal Commonwealth realm Canada was the first among the several original Dominions at the time of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931.[11] Incorporated another original Dominion, Newfoundland, on 31 March 1949.[12] The Canada Act 1982 formally ended the "request and consent" provisions of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in relation to Canada, whereby the British parliament had a general power to pass laws extending to Canada at its own request.
 Cyprus[D] 13 March 1961[13] Europe Southeast Europe 1,260,138 Unitary presidential republic Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960. Britain retains military bases at Akrotiri and Dhekelia. Northern Cyprus is not recognised by the Commonwealth.
 Dominica 3 November 1978 Americas Caribbean 73,040 Unitary Westminster republic Dominica has always been a republic since independence.
 Eswatini 6 September 1968 Africa Southern Africa 1,210,822 Unitary absolute monarchy Joined as Swaziland, subsequently changing its name to Eswatini on 19 April 2018.
 Fiji[B] 10 October 1970 Oceania Melanesia 936,375 Unitary Westminster republic Suspended in 1987; rejoined in 1997; suspended on 6 June 2000;[14] suspension lifted on 20 December 2001;[15] again suspended on 8 December 2006 because of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.[16][17] Suspension lifted on 26 September 2014.
 Gabon[B] 25 June 2022 Africa Middle Africa 2,436,566 Unitary presidential republic Gained independence from France on 17 August 1960. The third (after Mozambique and Rwanda) to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[18] Partially suspended on 18 September 2023 following the military coup that ousted President Ali Bongo the previous month, with two years given by the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group for the country to hold new elections before a full suspension of membership would be considered.[19][20]
 Gambia 18 February 1965 Africa Western Africa 2,773,168 Unitary presidential republic Withdrew on 3 October 2013 citing "neocolonialism".[21][22] Following the election of Adama Barrow as President of Gambia in 2016, it submitted an application to rejoin the Commonwealth on 22 January 2018,[23] and rejoined on 8 February 2018.[24]
 Ghana 6 March 1957 Africa Western Africa 34,121,985 Unitary presidential republic
 Grenada 7 February 1974 Americas Caribbean 126,183 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Guyana 26 May 1966 Americas South America 813,834 Unitary presidential republic
 India 15 August 1947 Asia Southern Asia 1,428,627,663 Federal Westminster republic Incorporated former French India (Chandannagar from 2 May 1950 and Puducherry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mahé from 1 November 1954), former Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu from 19 December 1961 and Dadra and Nagar Haveli formally from 1961) and Sikkim (from 16 May 1975).
 Jamaica 6 August 1962 Americas Caribbean 2,825,544 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Kenya 12 December 1963 Africa Eastern Africa 55,100,586 Unitary presidential republic
 Kiribati 12 July 1979 Oceania Micronesia 133,515 Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
 Lesotho 4 October 1966 Africa Southern Africa 2,330,318 Unitary Westminster monarchy[E]
 Malawi 6 July 1964 Africa Eastern Africa 20,931,751 Unitary presidential republic
 Malaysia 31 August 1957[25][26] Asia South-eastern Asia 34,308,525 Federal Westminster monarchy[E] Joined as the Federation of Malaya in 1957; reformed as Malaysia on 16 September 1963 with its federation with Singapore (which became a separate country on 9 August 1965), North Borneo, and Sarawak.[27]
 Maldives 9 July 1982 Asia Southern Asia 521,021 Unitary presidential republic Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26 July 1965.[28] A special member from 9 July 1982 until 20 July 1985.[29] Withdrew on 13 October 2016.[30][31] Rejoined on 1 February 2020.[32]
 Malta[F] 21 September 1964 Europe Southern Europe 532,616 Unitary Westminster republic Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1964 as the State of Malta. Became a republic on 13 December 1974.
 Mauritius 12 March 1968 Africa Eastern Africa 1,263,939 Unitary Westminster republic Became a republic on 12 March 1992.
 Mozambique 13 November 1995[33] Africa Eastern Africa 33,897,354 Unitary semi-presidential republic Former dependency of Portuguese India until 1752. Gained independence from Portugal on 25 June 1975. The first country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[34]
 Namibia 21 March 1990 Africa Southern Africa 2,604,172 Unitary semi-presidential republic Gained independence from South Africa.[35] Includes Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands transferred by South Africa at midnight 28 February 1994.
 Nauru[B] 29 November 1968 Oceania Micronesia 12,780 Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency Gained independence on 31 January 1968 from joint trusteeship of Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom. A special member from 29 November 1968 until 1 May 1999, when it became a full member,[36] before reverting to special status in January 2006.[37] A full member again since June 2011.[38]
 New Zealand 19 November 1926 Oceania Australia and New Zealand 5,163,908 Unitary Commonwealth realm Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 26 September 1907. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the Statute was not adopted in New Zealand until 1947.[39] Removed final links with the British Parliament in 1986. Removed the final link with the British legal system (Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) in 2003.
 Nigeria 1 October 1960 Africa Western Africa 223,804,632 Federal presidential republic Incorporated the former British mandate/trust territory of Northern Cameroons on 31 May 1961. Suspended in 1995, suspension lifted in 1999.[40]
 Pakistan 14 August 1947[C] Asia Southern Asia 240,485,658 Federal Westminster republic Includes the city of Gwadar, transferred from Muscat and Oman on 8 September 1958. Included Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan) until 1971.[7] Left Commonwealth in 1972, rejoined 1990, effective retroactively from October 1989; suspended in 1999, suspension lifted in 2004; again suspended in 2007,[41] suspension lifted in 2008.[42]
 Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 Oceania Melanesia 10,329,931 Unitary Commonwealth realm Gained independence from Australia.
 Rwanda 29 November 2009[43] Africa Eastern Africa 14,094,683 Unitary presidential republic Gained independence from Belgium on 1 July 1962. The second country (after Mozambique) to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.[34] Admitted despite the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) finding that "the state of governance and human rights in Rwanda does not satisfy Commonwealth standards", and that it "does not therefore qualify for admission".[44]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[B] 19 September 1983 Americas Caribbean 47,755 Federal Commonwealth realm
 Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 Americas Caribbean 180,251 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 Americas Caribbean 103,698 Unitary Commonwealth realm A special member from 27 October 1979 until 1 June 1985.
 Samoa[B] 28 August 1970 Oceania Polynesia 225,681 Unitary Westminster republic Gained independence from New Zealand on 1 January 1962. Joined as Western Samoa, subsequently changing its name to Samoa on 4 July 1997.[45]
 Seychelles 28 June 1976 Africa Eastern Africa 120,622 Unitary presidential republic
 Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 Africa Western Africa 8,791,092 Unitary presidential republic
 Singapore[B] 15 October 1965 Asia South-eastern Asia 5,673,743 Unitary Westminster republic Gained independence from the United Kingdom and joined Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Became independent on 9 August 1965.[46] While joining in 1966, the effective date is from its date of independence.[47]
 Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 Oceania Melanesia 740,424 Unitary Commonwealth realm
 South Africa 19 November 1926 Africa Southern Africa 60,414,495 Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 31 May 1910. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and Statute of Westminster 1931. Left on 31 May 1961; rejoined 1 June 1994.[48]
 Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 Asia Southern Asia 22,037,000 Unitary semi-presidential republic Joined as the Dominion of Ceylon, subsequently changing its name in 1972. Became a republic in 1972
 Tanzania 9 December 1961 Africa Eastern Africa 67,438,106 Unitary presidential republic Tanganyika joined the Commonwealth on 9 December 1961, with the island of Zanzibar following suit later. The two subsequently merged to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.[49]
 Togo[B] 25 June 2022 Africa Western Africa 9,053,799 Unitary presidential republic The country was the formerly French and British mandate territory (later UN trust territory) of Togoland after the First World War in 1919; British Togoland (which would be attached to the Gold Coast in 1956 and become Ghana on 6 March 1957) and French Togoland. Independence of French Togoland as Togo from France on 27 April 1960.[50]
 Tonga 4 June 1970 Oceania Polynesia 107,773 Unitary constitutional monarchy
 Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 Americas Caribbean 1,534,937 Unitary Westminster republic Granted independence on 31 August 1962. Became a republic on 1 August 1976 under the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Constitution Act 1976, passed by the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago.
 Tuvalu[B] 1 October 1978 Oceania Polynesia 11,396 Unitary Commonwealth realm A special member from 1 October 1978 until 1 September 2000.[51]
 Uganda 9 October 1962 Africa Eastern Africa 48,582,334 Unitary presidential republic
 United Kingdom 19 November 1926 Europe Northern Europe 67,184,072 Unitary Commonwealth realm Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the Statute of Westminster 1931. Has four individual nations within the UK: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
 Vanuatu[B] 30 July 1980 Oceania Melanesia 334,506 Unitary Westminster republic Gained independence from joint rule (condominium) of France and the United Kingdom.
 Zambia 24 October 1964 Africa Eastern Africa 20,569,737 Unitary presidential republic

^ A. Unless otherwise noted, independence was gained from the United Kingdom on the date (shown in column 2) of joining the Commonwealth.
^ B. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.
^ C. Though Pakistan celebrates 14 August 1947 as its independence day, independence was officially granted at midnight, 15 August 1947. Therefore, its date of joining the Commonwealth would be 15 August 1947.
^ D. Geographically a part of Asia, considered a European country in political geography.
^ E. Constitutional monarchy that operates under a Westminster system. The monarch is not the same individual as the British monarch, hence making it not a Commonwealth realm.
^ F. In geology, the Maltese Islands are located on the African Plate. The island group lies approx. 200 km (120 mi) south of the boundary between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate.[52] In political geography, Malta is considered a European country.

අමතර අවධානයට[සංස්කරණය]

මූලාශ්‍ර[සංස්කරණය]

  1. ↑ "Member countries". Commonwealth (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2024-06-05.
  2. ↑ "The Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 7 November 2023.
  3. ↑ https://databank.worldbank.org/source/population-estimates-and-projections
  4. ↑ "Australia". Commonwealth Secretariat. 2008-02-14 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-02-15.
  5. ↑ There is no equivalent provision as to the Commonwealth. However, for both the Commonwealth and the States, constitutional convention effectively excludes the monarch from any personal exercise of governmental power. The 1986 proclamation was an exception, approved by Australian ministers.
  6. ↑ Kohen, Marcelo G. (2006). Secession. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-521-84928-9.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Wind of Change". Commonwealth of Nations. 2016. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2016-10-15.
  8. ↑ "Barbados to become a parliamentary republic by November 30". Loop News Barbados. 27 July 2021. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 30 July 2021. [...] we will make amendments to facilitate that transition to a new president to be sworn in on that day - November 30, 2021.
  9. ↑ "Barbados elects first ever president ahead of becoming republic". BBC News. 21 October 2021. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 22 October 2021.
  10. ↑ Pondi, Jean-Emmanuel (October 1997). "Cameroon and the Commonwealth of Nations". The Round Table. 86 (344): 563–570. doi:10.1080/00358539708454389.
  11. ↑ "Canada – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 18 April 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  12. ↑ "Dominion Status". Commonwealth of Nations. 2016. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2016-10-15.
  13. ↑ McIntyre, W. David (January 2000). "Britain and the creation of the Commonwealth Secretariat". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 28 (1): 135–158. doi:10.1080/03086530008583082. S2CID 159673400.
  14. ↑ Ingram, Derek (July 2000). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 89 (355): 311–55. doi:10.1080/00358530050083406. S2CID 219626283.
  15. ↑ Ingram, Derek (April 2002). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 91 (364): 131–59. doi:10.1080/00358530220144148. S2CID 219627051.
  16. ↑ Ingram, Derek; Soal, Judith (February 2007). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 96 (388): 2–28. doi:10.1080/00358530701189734. S2CID 219623258.
  17. ↑ Fiji suspended from the Commonwealth සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine. Commonwealth Secretariat, 1 September 2009; retrieved 11 April 2011.
  18. ↑ Donmez, Ahmet Emin (3 January 2022). "Gabon set to join British Commonwealth this year: President". Anadolu Agency. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 6 February 2022.
  19. ↑ "Gabon partially suspended from the Commonwealth pending restoration of democracy". 30 September 2023 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 1 October 2023.
  20. ↑ "Gabon partially suspended from Commonwealth after coup". BBC News (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). 2023-09-20. 4 October 2023 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2023-10-03.
  21. ↑ "Statement by Commonwealth Secretary-General Kamalesh Sharma on The Gambia". The Commonwealth. 4 October 2013. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 6 October 2013.
  22. ↑ "Gambia quits the Commonwealth". The Guardian. 2 October 2013. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 5 October 2013.
  23. ↑ "The Gambia presents formal application to re-join the Commonwealth" (Media Release). The Commonwealth. 23 January 2018. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 24 January 2018.
  24. ↑ "The Gambia rejoins the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. 8 February 2018.
  25. ↑ Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
  26. ↑ Malaysia Act 1963
  27. ↑ "Malaysia – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 3 February 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  28. ↑ "Maldives – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 5 July 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  29. ↑ "The Maldives and the Commonwealth". Republic of Maldives. 3 December 2012 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 30 January 2009.
  30. ↑ "Commonwealth Secretariat". 2016-10-13. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2016-10-13.
  31. ↑ Safi, Michael (2016-10-13). "Maldives quits Commonwealth over alleged rights abuses". The Guardian (බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). ISSN 0261-3077. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2023-02-10.
  32. ↑ "Maldives becomes 54th member of Commonwealth family". The Commonwealth. 1 February 2020.
  33. ↑ Ingram, Derek (April 1996). "Commonwealth Update". The Round Table. 85 (338): 153–165. doi:10.1080/00358539608454302.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Rwanda becomes a member of the Commonwealth". BBC News. 29 November 2009. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 29 November 2009.
  35. ↑ Klaus Dierks (2 January 2005). "Chronology of Namibian History". www.klausdierks.com. Ch. 7: The period after Namibia'S independence. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2023-02-10.
  36. ↑ "Nauru Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. 12 April 1999. 26 April 2009 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 30 January 2009.
  37. ↑ "Nauru–History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 3 September 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  38. ↑ "Nauru back as full Commonwealth member". Radio New Zealand International. 26 June 2011. 24 July 2020 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 23 October 2011.
  39. ↑ "New Zealand – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 2 March 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  40. ↑ "Nigeria | The Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2017-06-05.
  41. ↑ "Pakistan suspended from the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. 22 November 2007. 25 August 2012 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 June 2008.
  42. ↑ "Commonwealth lifts Pakistan suspension". Commonwealth Secretariat. 12 May 2008. 20 January 2012 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 June 2008.
  43. ↑ Josh Kron (29 November 2009). "Rwanda Joins the Commonwealth". The New York Times. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 29 November 2009.
  44. ↑ "Rwanda's application for membership, Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative" (PDF). 17 July 2018 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂිත පිටපත (PDF). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 27 July 2021.
  45. ↑ "Constitution Amendment Act (No 2) 1997". සම්ප්‍රවේශය 27 November 2007.
  46. ↑ "Road to Independence". AsiaOne. 13 October 2013 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 28 June 2006.
  47. ↑ Singapore Act 1966
  48. ↑ "South Africa". Commonwealth Secretariat. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2016-01-25.
  49. ↑ "Tanzania – History". Commonwealth Secretariat. 3 September 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 15 February 2008.
  50. ↑ "Togo - History Background".
  51. ↑ "Tuvalu Accedes to Full Membership of the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. 14 August 2000. 11 October 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 30 January 2009.
  52. ↑ Galea, Pauline (2007). "Seismic history of the Maltese Islands and considerations on seismic risk: Earthquakes in Malta". Annals of Geophysics. 50 (6): 725–740. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 5 June 2015.

භාහිර සබැඳි[සංස්කරණය]

පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලයේ සාමාජික රාජ්‍යයෝ හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.
විකිමූලාශ්‍ර සතුව මෙම ලිපියට අදාල මුල් පිටපත පවතී:
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