ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යය

ලොව වත්මන් නිල ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යයන්

ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යය, ෆෙඩරේෂන, සන්ධීය රාජ්‍ය, එක්සත් රාජ්‍යය ( En:'federal state) යන විවිධ නම් වලින් මෙය හැඳින්වේ. මේවා අර්ධ ස්වයං පාලන ප්‍රාන්ත රාජ්‍ය හෝ ප්‍රදේශ මධ්‍යම ආණ්ඩුවක් මගින් දේශපාලනමය සංගමයකට (political union) එක්සත් වීමෙන් ( united ) සෑදුනු ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යවේ. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of the central government.

Contemporary[සංස්කරණය]

Federation	Federating Units	Major Federating Units	Minor Federating Units
ආර්ජන්ටිනාව	Provinces of Argentina	23 provinces	1 autonomous city
ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව	States and territories of ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව	6 states	1 federal district/territory, 1 major territory, several minor territories
Austria	States of Austria	9 Länder or Bundesländer
Belgium	Divisions of Belgium	3 Communities, 3 Regions
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina	2 entities (out of which one is itself a federation, consisting of 10 cantons)	1 district
Brazil	States of Brazil	26 states	1 federal district and 5,561 municipalities
Canada	Provinces and territories of Canada	10 provinces	3 territories
Comoros		3 islands
ඉතියෝපියාව	Regions of Ethiopia	9 regions	2 chartered cities
ජර්මනිය	ජර්මනියේ ප්‍රාන්තයන්	16 Länder or Bundesländer
India	States and territories of India	28 states	7 union territories including a national capital territory
Iraq	Governorates of Iraq	18 governorates, including the autonomous region of Kurdistan.
Malaysia	States of Malaysia	13 states	3 federal territories
Mexico	States of Mexico	31 states	1 federal district
Federated States of Micronesia		4 states
Nepal	Zones of Nepal	14 zones	75 districts
Nigeria	States of Nigeria	36 states	1 territory
Pakistan	Provinces and territories of Pakistan	4 provinces	4 federal territories including a federal capital territory
Russian Federation	Federal subjects of Russia	21 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 1 autonomous oblast, 4 autonomous okrugs, 2 federal-level cities^[1]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Islands/parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis	2 islands/14 parishes
Sudan	States of Sudan	25 states
Switzerland	Cantons of Switzerland	26 cantons
United Arab Emirates	Emirates of the UAE	7 emirates
United States of America	The 50 states	50 states	1 federal district; 1 incorporated territory, 13 unincorporated territories
සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Venezuela	States of Venezuela	23 states	1 federal district, 1 federal dependency

Long form titles[සංස්කරණය]

Federal Republic of: Brazil, ජර්මනිය, Nigeria.
Federation: රුසියාව, Saint Kitts and Nevis
Republic of: Argentina, Austria, India (also called Indian Union), Iraq, Sudan.
Others:
- Bolivarian Republic (Venezuela)
- Confederation (Switzerland)
- Commonwealth (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව)
- Dominion (Canada)
- Federal Democratic Republic (ඉතියෝපියාව, Nepal)
- Federated States (FS Micronesia)
- Federative Republic (Brazil)
- Islamic Republic (Pakistan)
- Kingdom (Belgium)
- Union (Comoros)
- United Emirates (United Arab Emirates)
- United Mexican States (Mexico)
- United States (United States)
None:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Canada ("Dominion" had been used originally, but that has fallen into disuse).
- Malaysia

තවදුරටත් නොපවතින ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යයන්[සංස්කරණය]

Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972)
United Provinces of Central America (1823 – circa 1838)
Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
Czechoslovakia (1969–1992)
Federated Dutch Republic (1581–1795)
French Equatorial Africa (1910–1960)
French West Africa (1904–1958)
Inca Empire (1197–1572)
United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
United Kingdom of Libya (1951–1963)
Federated Malay States (1896–1946)
Federation of Malaya (1948–1963)^[2]
Mali Federation (1959–1960)
New Granada (1855–1886)
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963)
Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics^[3] (1922–1991)
Federal Republic of Spain 1873–1874
Uganda (1962–1967)
West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia^[4] (1943–1992)
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)

Some of the proclaimed Arab federations were confederations de facto.

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි[සංස්කරණය]

Footnotes[සංස්කරණය]

↑ Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.
↑ Gained independence in 1957, joined with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia in 1963.
↑ The USSR was a federation according to the letter of its constitution, but, at least until its final years in the late eighties and early nineties of the 20th century, its governance was highly centralised in practice. See: Soviet Union section.
↑ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was officially proclaimed in 1963. Prior to this, the communist Yugoslav state was named Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in 1943 and then Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946. See: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

සැකිල්ල:Autonomous types of first-tier administration

[1] Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.

[2] Gained independence in 1957, joined with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia in 1963.

[3] The USSR was a federation according to the letter of its constitution, but, at least until its final years in the late eighties and early nineties of the 20th century, its governance was highly centralised in practice. See: Soviet Union section.

[4] The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was officially proclaimed in 1963. Prior to this, the communist Yugoslav state was named Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in 1943 and then Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946. See: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

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