ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යය
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ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යය, ෆෙඩරේෂන, සන්ධීය රාජ්‍ය, එක්සත් රාජ්‍යය ( En:'federal state) යන විවිධ නම් වලින් මෙය හැඳින්වේ. මේවා අර්ධ ස්වයං පාලන ප්‍රාන්ත රාජ්‍ය හෝ ප්‍රදේශ මධ්‍යම ආණ්ඩුවක් මගින් දේශපාලනමය සංගමයකට (political union) එක්සත් වීමෙන් ( united ) සෑදුනු ස්වෛරීය රාජ්‍යවේ. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of the central government.
Contemporary[සංස්කරණය]
| Federation | Federating Units | Major Federating Units | Minor Federating Units |
|---|---|---|---|
 ආර්ජන්ටිනාව
|
Provinces of Argentina | 23 provinces | 1 autonomous city |
 ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව
|
States and territories of ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව | 6 states | 1 federal district/territory, 1 major territory, several minor territories |
 Austria
|
States of Austria | 9 Länder or Bundesländer | |
 Belgium
|
Divisions of Belgium | 3 Communities, 3 Regions | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 entities (out of which one is itself a federation, consisting of 10 cantons) | 1 district |
 Brazil
|
States of Brazil | 26 states | 1 federal district and 5,561 municipalities |
 Canada
|
Provinces and territories of Canada | 10 provinces | 3 territories |
 Comoros
|
3 islands | ||
 ඉතියෝපියාව
|
Regions of Ethiopia | 9 regions | 2 chartered cities |
 ජර්මනිය
|
ජර්මනියේ ප්‍රාන්තයන් | 16 Länder or Bundesländer | |
 India
|
States and territories of India | 28 states | 7 union territories including a national capital territory |
 Iraq
|
Governorates of Iraq | 18 governorates, including the autonomous region of Kurdistan. | |
 Malaysia
|
States of Malaysia | 13 states | 3 federal territories |
 Mexico
|
States of Mexico | 31 states | 1 federal district |
 Federated States of Micronesia
|
4 states | ||
 Nepal
|
Zones of Nepal | 14 zones | 75 districts |
 Nigeria
|
States of Nigeria | 36 states | 1 territory |
 Pakistan
|
Provinces and territories of Pakistan | 4 provinces | 4 federal territories including a federal capital territory |
 Russian Federation
|
Federal subjects of Russia | 21 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 1 autonomous oblast, 4 autonomous okrugs, 2 federal-level cities[1] | |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
Islands/parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2 islands/14 parishes | |
 Sudan
|
States of Sudan | 25 states | |
 Switzerland
|
Cantons of Switzerland | 26 cantons | |
 United Arab Emirates
|
Emirates of the UAE | 7 emirates | |
 United States of America
|
The 50 states | 50 states | 1 federal district; 1 incorporated territory, 13 unincorporated territories |
| සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Venezuela | States of Venezuela | 23 states | 1 federal district, 1 federal dependency |
Long form titles[සංස්කරණය]
- Federal Republic of: Brazil, ජර්මනිය, Nigeria.
- Federation: රුසියාව, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Republic of: Argentina, Austria, India (also called Indian Union), Iraq, Sudan.
- Others:
- Bolivarian Republic (Venezuela)
- Confederation (Switzerland)
- Commonwealth (ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව)
- Dominion (Canada)
- Federal Democratic Republic (ඉතියෝපියාව, Nepal)
- Federated States (FS Micronesia)
- Federative Republic (Brazil)
- Islamic Republic (Pakistan)
- Kingdom (Belgium)
- Union (Comoros)
- United Emirates (United Arab Emirates)
- United Mexican States (Mexico)
- United States (United States)
- None:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Canada ("Dominion" had been used originally, but that has fallen into disuse).
- Malaysia
තවදුරටත් නොපවතින ෆෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යයන්[සංස්කරණය]
- Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972)
- United Provinces of Central America (1823 – circa 1838)
- Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
- Czechoslovakia (1969–1992)
- Federated Dutch Republic (1581–1795)
- French Equatorial Africa (1910–1960)
- French West Africa (1904–1958)
- Inca Empire (1197–1572)
- United States of Indonesia (1949–1950)
- United Kingdom of Libya (1951–1963)
- Federated Malay States (1896–1946)
- Federation of Malaya (1948–1963)[2]
- Mali Federation (1959–1960)
- New Granada (1855–1886)
- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
- Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963)
- Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967)
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics[3] (1922–1991)
- Federal Republic of Spain 1873–1874
- Uganda (1962–1967)
- West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia[4] (1943–1992)
- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
Some of the proclaimed Arab federations were confederations de facto.
ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි[සංස්කරණය]
- යුරෝපා සංගමය
- European Coal and Steel Community
- Federalism in ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව
- Federal monarchy
- ප්‍රාන්ත රාජ්‍යයe
- Federation of ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව
- Foederati
- Indian Union
- International organisation
- Neo-functionalism
- New federalism
- Regional state
- Supranationalism
- Supranational union
- Unitary state
- United Federation of Planets
- Centre for Studies on Federalism
Footnotes[සංස්කරණය]
- ↑ Federal structure of Russia, Article 65 of Russian Constitution.
- ↑ Gained independence in 1957, joined with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia in 1963.
- ↑ The USSR was a federation according to the letter of its constitution, but, at least until its final years in the late eighties and early nineties of the 20th century, its governance was highly centralised in practice. See: Soviet Union section.
- ↑ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was officially proclaimed in 1963. Prior to this, the communist Yugoslav state was named Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in 1943 and then Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1946. See: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.