ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් සටන

1949 රුසියානු චිත්‍රපටය සඳහා, ද බැට්ල් ඔෆ් ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රැඩ් (චිත්‍රපටය) බලන්න. මෙම නගරයේම රුසියනු සිවිල් යුද්ධයේ සටන සඳහා, Battle for Tsaritsyn බලන්න.

ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් සටන
දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධයෙහි නැගෙනහිර පෙරමුණෙහි කොටසකි
ගොනුව:ගොනු 1943 දී ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් නගර චතුරස්‍රයේ සිට රතු ධජය ලෙළවන සෝවියට් සෙබළෙක්.
දිනය 1942 අගෝස්තු 23 – 1943 පෙබරවාරි 2 (මාස 5 ක්, එක් සතියක් සහ දින 3 ක්) ස්ථානය ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ්, රුසියානු SFSR, සෝවියට් සංගමය 48°42′N 44°31′E ප්‍රතිඵලය තීරණාත්මක සෝවියට් ජයග්‍රහණය ජර්මානු 6වන හමුදාවේ විනාශය නැගෙනහිර පෙරමුණේ යුද්ධෝපායික බලය අක්ෂ බලවතුන්ගෙන් ගිලිහීම
රණපත්හු
ජර්මනිය රුමේනියාව ඉතාලිය හංගේරියාව ක්‍රොඒෂියාව	සෝවියට් සංගමය
ආඥාපතීන් සහ නායකයන්
Friedrich Paulus  Erich von Manstein W.F. von Richthofen Petre Dumitrescu C. Constantinescu Italo Gariboldi Gusztáv Jány Viktor Pavičić †	Georgy Zhukov Nikolay Voronov A.M. Vasilevsky Andrey Yeryomenko Nikita Khrushchev K.K. Rokossovsky Nikolai Vatutin Vasily Chuikov
එක් වූ ඒකක
Army Group B: 6වන හමුදාව 4වන පැන්සර් හමුදාව තෙවන හමුදාව සිව්වන හමුදාව අටවන හමුදාව දෙවන හමුදාව	Stalingrad Frontසැකිල්ල:Unordered list Don Front South West Front
ප්‍රබලතාව
Initial: 270,000 personnel 3,000 artillery pieces 500 tanks 600 aircraft, 1,600 by mid-September (Luftflotte 4) At the time of the Soviet counter-offensive: c. 1,040,000 men (400,000+ Germans, 220,000 Italians, 143,296 Romanians, 200,000 Hungarians, 40,000 Hiwi) 10,250 artillery pieces 500 tanks 732 (402 operational) aircraft	Initial: 187,000 personnel 2,200 artillery pieces 400 tanks 300 aircraft At the time of the Soviet counteroffensive: 1,143,000 13,451 artillery pieces 894 tanks 1,115 aircraft
ආපතිකයන් සහ හානියන්
728,000 men 400,000 114,000 109,000 105,000 900 aircraft 1,500 tanks 6,000 artillery pieces See casualties section	1,129,619 men 478,741 killed and missing 650,878 wounded or sick 2,769 aircraft 4,341 tanks 15,728 artillery pieces See casualties section
නූතන රුසියාවේ ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් (වර්තමානයේ වොල්ගොග්‍රාඩ්) හි පිහිටීම

ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් සටන (1942 අගෝස්තු 23 – 1943 පෙබරවාරි 2) නාසි ජර්මනිය සහ එහි මිත්‍රපක්ෂය විසින් සෝවියට් සංගමයට එරෙහිව සටන් කර දකුණු රුසියාවේ ස්ටාලින්ග්‍රාඩ් (වර්තමානයේ වොල්ගොග්‍රාඩ් ) නගරයේ පාලනය ලබාගැනීම සඳහා සිදු කළ දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධයේ ප්‍රධාන සටනකි.

Marked by fierce close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians by air raids, it is often regarded as one of the single largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.7–2 million wounded, killed or captured) battles in the history of warfare. German forces never regained the initiative in the East and withdrew a vast military force from the West to replace their losses.

The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in August 1942, using the German 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intensive Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The fighting degenerated into house-to-house fighting, and both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November 1942, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost into narrow zones along the west bank of the Volga River.

On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the weaker Romanian and Hungarian armies protecting the German 6th Army's flanks. The Axis forces on the flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler ordered that the army stay in Stalingrad and make no attempt to break out; instead, attempts were made to supply the army by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. Heavy fighting continued for another two months. By the beginning of February 1943, the Axis forces in Stalingrad had exhausted their ammunition and food. The remaining units of the 6th Army surrendered. The battle lasted five months, one week, and three days.

ඓතිහාසික සසුබිම

By the spring of 1942, despite the failure of Operation Barbarossa to decisively defeat the Soviet Union in a single campaign, the Wehrmacht had captured vast expanses of territory, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic republics. Elsewhere, the war had been progressing well: the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic had been very successful and Rommel had just captured Tobruk. In the east, they had stabilized their front in a line running from Leningrad in the north to Rostov in the south. There were a number of salients, but these were not particularly threatening. Hitler was confident that he could master the Red Army after the winter of 1942, because even though Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) had suffered heavy losses west of Moscow the previous winter, 65% of Army Group Centre's infantry had not been engaged and had been rested and re-equipped. Neither Army Group North nor Army Group South had been particularly hard pressed over the winter. Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again.

With the initial operations being very successful, the Germans decided that their summer campaign in 1942 would be directed at the southern parts of the Soviet Union. The initial objectives in the region around Stalingrad were the destruction of the industrial capacity of the city and the deployment of forces to block the Volga River. The river was a key route from the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea to central Russia. Its capture would disrupt commercial river traffic. The Germans cut the pipeline from the oilfields when they captured Rostov on 23 July. The capture of Stalingrad would make the delivery of Lend Lease supplies via the Persian Corridor much more difficult.

On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942 campaign, greatly expanding them to include the occupation of the city of Stalingrad. Both sides began to attach propaganda value to the city based on it bearing the name of the leader of the Soviet Union. Hitler proclaimed that after Stalingrad's capture, its male citizens were to be killed and all women and children were to be deported because its population was "thoroughly communistic" and "especially dangerous". It was assumed that the fall of the city would also firmly secure the northern and western flanks of the German armies as they advanced on Baku, with the aim of securing these strategic petroleum resources for Germany. The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves.

The Soviets realized that they were under tremendous constraints of time and resources and ordered that anyone strong enough to hold a rifle be sent to fight.