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පරිශීලක:Lee/පරිවර්තන/List of waterfalls by flow rate

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්

This list of waterfalls by flow rate includes all waterfalls which are known to have an average flow rate or discharge of at least 150 cubic metres per second (5,300 cu ft/s). The waterfalls in this list are those for which there is verifiable information for, and should not be assumed to be a complete list of waterfalls which would otherwise qualify as globally significant based on this metric.

Largest extant waterfalls

[සංස්කරණය]
Waterfall Image Flow rate (m3/s) Drop (m) Width (m) River Countries Coordinates Notes
Inga Falls 25,768 (est.) 21 914 Congo සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත DRC 5°26′56″S 13°35′18″E / 5.448835°S 13.588362°E / -5.448835; 13.588362 (Inga Falls) The Inga falls, whose status as a true waterfall is controversial, are currently incorporated into the Inga I and Inga II hydroelectric facilities. The volume of the river diverted is approximately 30% of the average discharge. The Grand Inga Dam, potentially the world's largest by generating capacity, is also proposed to be built on the falls.[1]
Livingstone Falls 25,060 6 701 Congo සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත DRC
සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Congo
 4°52′41″S 14°26′08″E / 4.878146°S 14.435622°E / -4.878146; 14.435622 (Livingstone Falls) A set of rapids that drops 6 මීටර (20 ft). Located at the southern end of the Republic of the Congo's border with the Congo River.[2]
Boyoma Falls 16,990 5 1,372 Lualaba, Congo සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත DRC 0°29′27″N 25°12′24″E / 0.49091096°N 25.20680491°E / 0.49091096; 25.20680491 (Boyoma Falls) A series of seven cataracts, also referred to as the Stanley Falls. The last and most significant of these cataracts, at Kisangani, is known as Wagenia.[3] The Boyoma Falls marks the transition to the Congo River from the Lualaba River.[4]
Khone Phapheng Falls 11,610 21 10,783 Mekong  Laos 13°57′18″N 105°54′10″E / 13.9549940°N 105.9027541°E / 13.9549940; 105.9027541 (Khone Phapheng Falls) A series of falls and rapids that when measured end-to-end is over 10 kilometres in width, making it the world's widest waterfall. Largest waterfall in Asia by average flow rate.[5]
Pará Falls 3,540 64 5,608 Caura
සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Venezuela 		6°19′01″N 64°30′33″W / 6.31699585°N 64.5090696°W / 6.31699585; -64.5090696 (Salto Pára) Largest extant waterfall in South America by average flow rate.[6]
Paulo Afonso Falls 2,832 59 18 São Francisco  Brazil 9°23′21″S 38°11′45″W / 9.3890899°S 38.1957704°W / -9.3890899; -38.1957704 (Paulo Afonso Falls) Flow regulated by the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex.[7]
Niagara Falls 2,407 51 1,204 Niagara  Canada
 United States 		43°04′48″N 79°04′16″W / 43.08°N 79.071°W / 43.08; -79.071 (Niagara Falls) Largest extant waterfall in North America by average flow rate. Flow regulated by the Robert Moses Niagara and Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations.[8]
Vermilion Falls 1,812 5 1,829 Peace  Canada 58°22′11″N 114°52′18″W / 58.3697239°N 114.871761°W / 58.3697239; -114.871761 (Vermilion Falls) [9]
Iguazú Falls 1,746 64 2,682 Iguazú  Argentina
 Brazil 		25°41′43″S 54°26′12″W / 25.695277°S 54.43667°W / -25.695277; -54.43667 (Iguazú Falls) [10]
Limestone Falls 1,464 22 335 Caniapiscau  Canada 57°28′45″N 69°18′36″W / 57.4791°N 69.3099°W / 57.4791; -69.3099 (Limestone Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[11]
Pyrite Falls 1,464 8 579 Caniapiscau  Canada 57°26′00″N 69°14′32″W / 57.4333°N 69.2422°W / 57.4333; -69.2422 (Pyrite Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[12]
Victoria Falls 1,088 105 1,707 Zambezi  Zambiaසැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Zimbabwe 17°55′27″S 25°51′22″E / 17.924028°S 25.856083°E / -17.924028; 25.856083 (Victoria Falls) Produces the largest sheet of falling water in the world.[13]
Virginia Falls 1,000 90 259 South Nahanni  Canada 61°36′27″N 125°44′20″W / 61.607391°N 125.738912°W / 61.607391; -125.738912 (Virginia Falls) [14]
Ngonye Falls 963 25 ? Zambezi  Zambia 16°39′08″S 23°34′17″E / 16.652330°S 23.571253°E / -16.652330; 23.571253 (Ngonye Falls) Also known as Sioma Falls.[15]
Shale Falls 934 18 610 Caniapiscau  Canada 56°44′39″N 69°01′04″W / 56.7443°N 69.0179°W / 56.7443; -69.0179 (Shale Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[16]
Shivanasamudra Falls 934 98 305 Cauvery  India 12°17′33″N 77°10′03″E / 12.2924778°N 77.16744866°E / 12.2924778; 77.16744866 (Shivanasamudra Falls) This waterfall divides around Sivasamudram Island. One side is known as Gagana chukki and the other side is known as Bara chukki.[17]
Willamette Falls 928 13 457 Willamette  United States 45°21′05″N 122°37′09″W / 45.35139°N 122.61917°W / 45.35139; -122.61917 (Willamette Falls) Prior to the development of the Oregon City area, it is thought the falls may have spanned as much as 762 metres across. Flow regulated by the T. W. Sullivan Hydroelectric Plant.[18]
Kongou Falls 900 56 3,200 Ivindo  Gabon 0°17′17″N 12°35′17″E / 0.28815075°N 12.58801367°E / 0.28815075; 12.58801367 (Ivindo River) [19]
Kootenai Falls 731 9 258 Kootenay  United States 48°27′20″N 115°45′48″W / 48.4555015°N 115.763198°W / 48.4555015; -115.763198 (Kootenai Falls) [20]
Laksforsen (no) 700 17 ? Vefsna  Norway 65°37′25″N 13°17′26″E / 65.6237085°N 13.2906911°E / 65.6237085; 13.2906911 (Lakforsen) [21]
Oatmeal Rapids 697 ? ? Rupert River  Canada 51°21′24″N 77°25′11″E / 51.356590°N 77.419688°E / 51.356590; 77.419688 (Oatmeal Rapids) Despite being nominally rapids, the falls are steep enough as to not meet the technical definition due to the final drop. [22]
Kaieteur Falls 663 226 113 Potaro  Guyana 5°10′30″N 59°28′50″W / 5.17497870°N 59.4804760°W / 5.17497870; -59.4804760 (Kaieteur Falls) [23]
Rheinfall 595 24 122 Rhine   Switzerland 47°40′40″N 8°36′56″E / 47.677640°N 8.615512°E / 47.677640; 8.615512 (Rheinfall) Largest waterfall in Europe by average flow rate.[24]
Sarp Falls 577 21 ? Glomma  Norway 59°16′34″N 11°07′51″E / 59.276111°N 11.130894°E / 59.276111; 11.130894 (Sarpsfossen) Second-largest waterfall in Europe by average flow rate.[25]
Kalandula Falls 566 105 411 Lucala  Angola 9°04′26″S 16°00′03″E / 9.073885°S 16.000709°E / -9.073885; 16.000709 (Kalandula Falls) [26]
Chutes de Shawinigan (fr) 513 50 ? Saint-Maurice  Canada 46°31′53″N 72°45′43″W / 46.531360°N 72.761830°W / 46.531360; -72.761830 (Shawinigan Falls) Flow regulated by the Shawinigan 2 and Shawinigan 3 dams.[27]
Chaudière Falls 500 35 240 Chaudière  Canada 46°42′47″N 71°17′10″W / 46.71306°N 71.28611°W / 46.71306; -71.28611 (Chaudière Falls) Flow regulated by the Sartigan Dam.[28]
Great Falls 474 (est.) ? 107 Potomac  United States 38°59′51″N 77°15′09″W / 38.9975°N 77.2525°W / 38.9975; -77.2525 (Great Falls) Flow regulated by the Washington Aqueduct.[29]
Kazan Falls 459 ? ? Kazan River  Canada 63°42′50″N 95°50′41″W / 63.713836°N 95.844696°W / 63.713836; -95.844696 (Kazan Falls) [30]
Granite Falls 453 21 ? Caniapiscau  Canada 55°50′42″N 68°25′25″W / 55.8450°N 68.4235°W / 55.8450; -68.4235 (Granite Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[31]
Chutes de la Lobé (fr) 390 ? ? Lobé River Cameroon 2°52′56″N 9°53′49″E / 2.882210°N 9.896968°E / 2.882210; 9.896968 (Chutes de la Lobe) [32]
Hidden Falls 425 30 ? Yarlung Tsangpo  China 29°46′34″N 95°10′54″E / 29.776°N 95.181599°E / 29.776; 95.181599 (Hidden Falls) [33]
Saint Anthony Falls 370 15 ? Mississippi River සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත US 44°58′54″N 93°15′31″W / 44.981667°N 93.258611°W / 44.981667; -93.258611 (Saint Anthony Falls) Shape and flow rate severely altered by large hydroelectric developments.
Urriðafoss 360 4 229 Þjórsá සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Iceland 63°55′30″N 20°40′22″W / 63.92506°N 20.672678°W / 63.92506; -20.672678 (Urriðafoss) [34]
Little Eaton Canyon Falls 317 Caniapiscau  Canada 55°31′46″N 68°17′40″W / 55.5294°N 68.2945°W / 55.5294; -68.2945 (Little Eaton Canyon Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[35]
Lower Eaton Canyon Falls 317 Caniapiscau  Canada 55°33′46″N 68°11′50″W / 55.5627°N 68.1973°W / 55.5627; -68.1973 (Lower Eaton Canyon Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[36]
Nastapoca Falls 317 35 35 Nastapoca  Canada 56°54′54″N 76°31′46″W / 56.915004°N 76.529509°W / 56.915004; -76.529509 (Nastapoca Falls) [37]
Tuktu Falls 317 Caniapiscau  Canada 55°32′36″N 68°14′44″W / 55.5432°N 68.2456°W / 55.5432; -68.2456 (Tuktu Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[38]
Twin Falls 317 48 61 Nastapoca  Canada 56°53′54″N 76°24′12″W / 56.8984°N 76.4032°W / 56.8984; -76.4032 (Twin Falls (Nastapoca River)) [39]
Upper Eaton Canyon Falls 317 Caniapiscau  Canada 55°33′29″N 68°12′57″W / 55.5581°N 68.2158°W / 55.5581; -68.2158 (Upper Eaton Canyon Falls) Flow regulated by the KA-3 Dam of the Caniapiscau Reservoir.[40]
Augrabies Falls 313 56 24 Orange  South Africa 28°35′29″S 20°20′25″E / 28.591389°S 20.340296°E / -28.591389; 20.340296 (Augrabies Falls) [41]
Murchison Falls 300 43 15 White Nile  Uganda 2°16′43″N 31°41′09″E / 2.2785°N 31.6858°E / 2.2785; 31.6858 (Murchison Falls) Flow regulated by the Karuma Hydroelectric Power Station.[42]
Dhuandhar Falls 294 30 ? Narmada River  India 23°07′30″N 79°48′53″E / 23.125069°N 79.814633°E / 23.125069; 79.814633 (Dhuandhar Falls) [43]
Alexandra Falls 282 32 117 Hay River  Canada 60°30′02″N 116°16′46″W / 60.5006°N 116.2794°W / 60.5006; -116.2794 (Alexandra Falls) [44]
Louise Falls 282 15 183 Hay River  Canada 60°30′12″N 116°14′29″W / 60.5033°N 116.2414°W / 60.5033; -116.2414 (Louise Falls) [45]
Dettifoss 269 51 171 Jökulsá á Fjöllum සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Iceland 65°48′53″N 16°23′04″W / 65.8146330°N 16.3843220°W / 65.8146330; -16.3843220 (Dettifoss) [46]
Hafragilsfoss 269 27 85 Jökulsá á Fjöllum සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Iceland 65°49′56″N 16°23′57″W / 65.8322810°N 16.3991539°W / 65.8322810; -16.3991539 (Hafragilsfoss) [47]
Réttarfoss 269 ? ? Jökulsá á Fjöllum සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Iceland 65°52′47″N 16°26′09″W / 65.879645°N 16.435802°W / 65.879645; -16.435802 (Réttarfoss) [48]
Selfoss 269 13 387 Jökulsá á Fjöllum සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Iceland 65°48′18″N 16°23′12″W / 65.80495°N 16.38657°W / 65.80495; -16.38657 (Selfoss) [49]
Kanawha Falls 255 ? ? Kanawha River  United States 38°08′17″N 81°12′47″W / 38.138°N 81.213°W / 38.138; -81.213 (Sandstone Falls) [50]
Ristafallet (sv) 250 14 50 Indalsälven  Sweden 63°18′45″N 13°21′03″E / 63.31256°N 13.350903°E / 63.31256; 13.350903 (Ristafallet) [51]
Sandstone Falls 222 4 549 New River  United States 37°45′24″N 80°54′21″W / 37.75667°N 80.90583°W / 37.75667; -80.90583 (Sandstone Falls) [52]
Huka Falls 220 11 ? Waikato River  New Zealand 38°38′55″S 176°05′24″E / 38.6486°S 176.0901°E / -38.6486; 176.0901 (Huka Falls) [53][54]
Félou Falls 216 13 ? Senegal River සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Mali 14°21′13″S 11°20′43″W / 14.353611°S 11.345278°W / -14.353611; -11.345278 (Félou Falls) Flow regulated by the Félou Hydroelectric Plant. [55]
Gouina Falls 216 16 500 Senegal River සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Mali 14°00′54″S 11°06′09″W / 14.014955°S 11.102492°W / -14.014955; -11.102492 (Félou Falls) Flow regulated by the Gouina Hydroelectric Plant. [56]
Big Falls 213 27 183 Missouri River  United States 47°34′08″N 111°07′26″W / 47.5689°N 111.1238°W / 47.5689; -111.1238 (Big Falls) Flow regulated by the Ryan Dam.[57][58]
Black Eagle Falls 213 8 183 Missouri River  United States 47°31′11″N 111°15′44″W / 47.5197°N 111.2623°W / 47.5197; -111.2623 (Black Eagle Falls) Flow regulated by the Black Eagle Dam.[59][58]
Crooked Falls 213 6 457 Missouri River  United States 47°32′06″N 111°11′47″W / 47.5350°N 111.1964°W / 47.5350; -111.1964 (Crooked Falls) Flow regulated by the Rainbow Dam.[60][58]
Rainbow Falls 213 13 305 Missouri River  United States 47°32′00″N 111°12′19″W / 47.5334°N 111.2052°W / 47.5334; -111.2052 (Rainbow Falls) Flow regulated by the Rainbow Dam.[61][58]
Rusumo Falls 210 15 40 Kagera River  Rwanda  Tanzania 2°22′57″S 30°47′00″W / 2.382442°S 30.783212°W / -2.382442; -30.783212 (Rusumo Falls) [62]
Målselvfossen (no) 196 22 600 Målselva  Norway 69°02′09″N 18°39′16″E / 69.035702°N 18.654563°E / 69.035702; 18.654563 (Målselvfossen) [63]
Storforsen 187 35 76 Pite River  Sweden 65°50′59″N 20°24′16″E / 65.84983°N 20.40435°E / 65.84983; 20.40435 (Storforsen) [64]
Kabwelume Falls 181 ? ? Kalungwishi River  Zambia 9°31′29″S 29°21′05″E / 9.524584°S 29.351386°E / -9.524584; 29.351386 (Kabwelume Falls) [65]
Lumangwe Falls 181 ? ? Kalungwishi River  Zambia 9°32′32″S 29°23′11″E / 9.542314°S 29.386456°E / -9.542314; 29.386456 (Lumangwe Falls) [66]
Zongo Falls 179 ? ? Inkisi River සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත DRC 4°46′39″S 14°54′21″E / 4.777431°S 14.905735°E / -4.777431; 14.905735 (Zongo Falls) Flow regulated by the Zongo II Hydroelectric Power Station.[67]
Rearguard Falls 171 6 61 Fraser River  Canada 52°58′24″N 119°21′51″W / 52.97333°N 119.36408°W / 52.97333; -119.36408 (Rearguard Falls) [68]
Cohoes Falls 161 20 290 Mohawk River  United States 42°47′17″N 73°42′31″W / 42.78797°N 73.70853°W / 42.78797; -73.70853 (Cohoes Falls) Flow regulated by the School Street Hydroelectric Generating Facility.[69][70]
Epupa Falls 160 37 1500 Cunene River  Angola  Namibia 17°00′00″S 13°14′36″E / 17.000070°S 13.243342°E / -17.000070; 13.243342 (Epupa Falls) Flow regulated by the Ruacana Hydroelectric Power Station.[71]
Ruacana Falls 160 120 700 Cunene River  Angola  Namibia 17°23′38″S 14°13′04″E / 17.393896°S 14.217756°E / -17.393896; 14.217756 (Ruacana Falls) Flow regulated by the Ruacana Hydroelectric Power Station.[72]
Jog Falls 153 253 472 Sharavati River  India 14°13′45″N 74°48′45″E / 14.22923°N 74.81247°E / 14.22923; 74.81247 (Jog Falls) Flow regulated by the Linganamakki Dam.[73]

Largest historic waterfalls

[සංස්කරණය]

This list comprises the waterfalls which have ceased to exist due to the impoundment of their river(s) by a dam, or due to the diversion of the watercourse.

Waterfall Image Flow rate (m3/s) Drop (m) Width (m) River Countries Coordinates Notes
Guaíra Falls 13,309 40 4,828 Paraná  Brazil
සැකිල්ල:රටේ දත්ත Paraguay 		24°04′03″S 54°17′00″W / 24.067547°S 54.283276°W / -24.067547; -54.283276 (Guaíra Falls (submerged)) Submerged beneath the Itaipu Reservoir following the completion of the Itaipu Dam in 1982.[74]
Celilo Falls 5,366 6.1 1,768 Columbia  United States 45°39′05″N 120°58′10″W / 45.65147°N 120.96941°W / 45.65147; -120.96941 (Celilo Falls (submerged)) Submerged beneath the Columbia River following the completion of The Dalles Dam in 1957. The rock formation responsible for the falls remains intact.[75][76]
Kettle Falls 4,682 ? ? Columbia  United States 48°37′52″N 118°07′08″W / 48.63099°N 118.11897°W / 48.63099; -118.11897 (Kettle Falls (submerged)) Submerged beneath Lake Roosevelt following the completion of the Grand Coulee Dam in 1940. The formation responsible for the falls remains intact.[77]
Urubupunga Falls 2,747 13 2,012 Paraná  Brazil 20°36′S 51°33′W / 20.6°S 51.55°W / -20.6; -51.55 (Salto do Urubupunga) Submerged beneath the Paraná River following completion of the Engineer Souza Dias Dam in 1982. The formation responsible for the falls remains intact.[78]
Marimbondo Falls 1,501 24 2,012 Rio Grande  Brazil 20°18′35″S 49°12′06″W / 20.30972°S 49.20167°W / -20.30972; -49.20167 (Saltos dos Patos e Marimbondo) The Marimbondo Dam was built atop the upper portion of the falls in 1971. The section further upstream was submerged beneath the Rio Grande, while the section below the dam was dewatered and are visible.[79]
San Rafael Falls 400 94 23 Coca  Ecuador 0°06′15″S 77°34′51″W / 0.104303°S 77.580967°W / -0.104303; -77.580967 (San Rafael Falls (former)) On 2 February 2020, a large sinkhole formed just above the falls, diverting its flow beneath a large band of rock (the former brink of the falls) which survived the collapse and became a natural bridge until it too collapsed. Although the river initially still fell over 100 m (330 ft) into the sinkhole, very rapid headward erosion has since left no significant waterfall at this location.[80][81][82]
La Chute Grande 170 19 ? Romaine  Canada 50°23′14″S 63°15′06″W / 50.387110°S 63.251592°W / -50.387110; -63.251592 (Romaine Falls (former)) Destroyed by the construction of the Romaine-1 Generating Station at the top of the falls. [83]

Prehistoric waterfalls

[සංස්කරණය]
මේවාත් බලන්න: Outburst flood
Waterfall Maximum daily flow rate (m3/s) Tallest single drop (m) Width (m) River Countries
Gibraltar (Zanclean deluge hypothesis) 100,000,000[84] Strait of Gibraltar ස්පාඥ්ඤය Spain
මෙරොක්කා්ව Morocco
Dry Falls 1,906,000[85] 120 4,828 Columbia එක්සත් ජනපද United States
Bosphorus (Black Sea deluge hypothesis) 480,000[86] 80 Bosphorus Strait තුර්කිය Turkey

See also

[සංස්කරණය]

References

[සංස්කරණය]
  1. ^ "Inga Falls, Congo, Democratic Republic of the – World Waterfall Database". www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2020-01-16.
  2. ^ "Livingstone, Chutes de, Congo, Democratic Republic of the – World Waterfall Database". www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com (ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2020-01-16.
  3. ^ Ndeo, Oscar; Hauffe, Torsten; Delicado, Diana; Busanga, Alidor; Albrecht, Christian (2017-05-02). "Mollusk communities of the central Congo River shaped by combined effects of barriers, environmental gradients, and species dispersal". Journal of Limnology. 76. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2017.1585.
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