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"රොබර්ට් ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් කෙනඩි ඝාතනය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
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'{{For|the assassination of Robert's brother, John|Assassination of John F. Kennedy}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{Infobox civilian...' යොදමින් නව පිටුවක් තනන ලදි
(වෙනසක් නොමැත)

04:31, 5 අප්‍රේල් 2014 තෙක් සංශෝධනය

the assassination of Robert's brother, John සඳහා, Assassination of John F. Kennedy බලන්න
Robert F. Kennedy assassination
ගොනුව:Rfk assassination.jpg
Boris Yaro's photograph of Robert F. Kennedy lying wounded on the floor immediately after the shooting. Kneeling beside him is 17-year-old Juan Romero,[1] who was shaking Kennedy's hand when Sirhan Sirhan fired the shots.
ස්ථානයAmbassador Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA
ඛණ්ඩාංක34°03′35″N 118°17′50″W / 34.0597°N 118.2971°W / 34.0597; -118.2971ඛණ්ඩාංක: 34°03′35″N 118°17′50″W / 34.0597°N 118.2971°W / 34.0597; -118.2971
දිනයJune 5, 1968
12:15 a.m. (Pacific Time Zone)
ඉලක්කයRobert F. Kennedy
ආයුධය(න්).22 caliber Iver-Johnson
මරණ1
තුවාලකරුවන්5
අපරාධකරුවාSirhan Sirhan


ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපද සෙනට් සභික හා ඝාතනය වූ ජනාධිපති ජෝන් ෆිට්ස්ජෙරල්ඩ් කෙනඩි (John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy) ගේ සහෝදරයා වූ රොබර්ට් ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් කෙනඩි (Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy) ඝාතනය 1968 ජුනි 5 වනදින ලොස් ඇන්ජිලිස්, කැලිෆෝනියා හිදී සිදුවිය. ඒ කැලිෆොනියා සහ දකුණු ඩකොටා මැතිවරණ ජයග්‍රහණ Democratic Party (United States) ලබා ගැනීමෙන් අනතුරුව 1968 වසර පැවතී ජනාධිපතිවරණ සමය තුලදීය. ඔහු Ambassador හෝටලයෙහි මුළුතැන්ගෙය හරහා යනවාත් සමඟම වෙඩි තැබීම සිදුවූ අතර පැය 26 කට පසු Good Samaritan රෝහලේදී මියගියේය. ඝාතනයට වරදකරු වූ අවුරුදු 24 ක් වයසැති Sirhan Sirhan Palestinian/Jordanian ජීවිතාන්තය දක්වා සිරදඬුවම් ලැබීමට නියම විය. Sirhaන් වෙනුවෙන් පෙනීසිටි නිතිඥවරුන් සාක්ෂි ඉදිරිපත් කරමින් පෙන්වා දුන්නේ ඔහු මේ සිදුවීමට අදාල නොවන බවය්.[2] නමුත් වෙඩි තැබීම පුවත්පත් වාර්තාකරුවකු විසින් ශබ්ද පටිගත කොට ඇති අතර පසුව එය තහවුරු විය.[3]

දේහය නිව්යෝර්ක් නුවර St. Patrick's Cathedral හි දෙදවසක් මහජන ප්‍රදර්ශනය සඳහා තැන්පත් කර තිබු අතර ජුනි 8 වනදින Arlington National සුසාන භූමියේදී ඔහුගේ සහෝදරයා මිහිදන් කල ස්ථානය අසල මිහිදන් කෙරිණි. ඔහුගේ මරණය ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂකයන්ට ආරක්ෂාව සැපයීමට පෙළඹවූ අතර Democratic පක්ෂය වෙනුවෙන් Hubert Humphrey ජනාධිපතිවරණයට ඉදිරිපත් වුවද ඔහු පරාජයට පත්විය. Richard Nixon ජයග්‍රහණය ලැබීය.


As with his brother John's death, Kennedy's assassination and the circumstances surrounding it have spawned a variety of conspiracy theories. As of 2014 Kennedy remains one of only two sitting United States Senators to be assassinated, the other being Huey Long.

Background

Robert Kennedy campaigns in Los Angeles (photo by Evan Freed).

Kennedy visited the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and wrote dispatches at the time for the Boston Post about his trip and the effect it had on him when he was twenty-two years old.[4] During his stay, he wrote that he grew to admire the Jewish inhabitants of the area. As a Senator, he later became a strong supporter and advocate for Israel.[5]

Kennedy was United States Attorney General from January 1961 until September 3, 1964, when he resigned to run for election to the United States Senate. He took office as Senator from New York on January 3, 1965.[6]

The run up to the 1968 presidential election saw the incumbent president, Lyndon B. Johnson, serving during a period of social unrest. There were riots in the major cities despite Johnson's attempts to introduce anti-poverty and anti-discrimination legislation, and there was significant opposition to the ongoing military action in Vietnam.[7][8]

The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968 led to further riots across the US.[9] Kennedy entered the race for the Democratic Party's nomination for president on March 16, 1968—four days after Senator Eugene McCarthy received a large percentage of the vote in the New Hampshire primary against the incumbent President (42% to Johnson's 49%).[10] Two weeks later, a demoralized Johnson announced he was no longer seeking re-election. One month later, Vice President Hubert Humphrey announced he would seek the presidency. Humphrey did not participate in any primaries but he did obtain the support of many Democratic Party delegates. Following the California primary, Kennedy was in second place with 393 delegates compared to Humphrey's 561.[11]

Assassination

The 1968 presidential primary elections in California were held on Tuesday, June 4. Four hours after the polls closed in California, Kennedy claimed victory in the state's Democratic presidential primary. At approximately 12:10 a.m. PDT, he addressed his campaign supporters in the Ambassador Hotel's Embassy Room ballroom, in the Mid-Wilshire district of Los Angeles.[12] At the time, the government provided Secret Service protection for incumbent presidents but not for presidential candidates. Kennedy's only security was provided by former FBI agent William Barry and two unofficial bodyguards, former professional athletes.[13] During the campaign, Kennedy had welcomed contact with the public, and people had often tried to touch him in their excitement.[14]

Kennedy had planned to walk through the ballroom when he had finished speaking, on his way to another gathering of supporters elsewhere in the hotel.[15] However, with deadlines fast approaching, reporters wanted a press conference. Campaign aide Fred Dutton decided that Kennedy would forgo the second gathering and instead go through the hotel's kitchen and pantry area behind the ballroom to the press area. Kennedy finished speaking and started to exit when William Barry stopped him and said, "No, it's been changed. We're going this way."[16] Barry and Dutton began clearing a way for Kennedy to go left through swinging doors to the kitchen corridor, but Kennedy, hemmed in by the crowd, followed maître d'hôtel Karl Uecker through a back exit.[16]

Uecker led Kennedy through the kitchen area, holding Kennedy's right wrist but frequently releasing it as Kennedy shook hands with those he encountered.[17] Uecker and Kennedy started down a passageway narrowed by an ice machine against the right wall and a steam table to the left.[17] Kennedy turned to his left and shook hands with busboy Juan Romero just as Sirhan Sirhan stepped down from a low tray-stacker beside the ice machine, rushed past Uecker, and repeatedly fired what was later identified as a .22 caliber Iver-Johnson Cadet revolver.[18]

After Kennedy had fallen to the floor, Agent Barry saw Sirhan holding a gun and hit him twice in the face while others, including maîtres d' Uecker and Edward Minasian, writer George Plimpton, Olympic gold medal decathlete Rafer Johnson and professional football player Rosey Grier, forced Sirhan against the steam table and disarmed him as he continued firing his gun in random directions.[19] Five other people were also wounded: William Weisel of ABC News, Paul Schrade of the United Auto Workers union, Democratic Party activist Elizabeth Evans, Ira Goldstein of the Continental News Service and Kennedy campaign volunteer Irwin Stroll.[19]

After a minute, Sirhan wrestled free and grabbed the revolver again, but he had already fired all the bullets and was subdued.[20] Barry went to Kennedy and laid his jacket under the candidate's head, later recalling: "I knew immediately it was a .22, a small caliber, so I hoped it wouldn't be so bad, but then I saw the hole in the Senator's head, and I knew".[20] Reporters and photographers rushed into the area from both directions, contributing to the confusion and chaos. As Kennedy lay wounded, Juan Romero cradled the senator's head and placed a rosary in his hand.[21] Kennedy asked Romero, "Is everybody safe; OK?" and Romero responded, "Yes, yes, everything is going to be OK."[22] Captured by Life photographer Bill Eppridge and Boris Yaro of the Los Angeles Times, this moment became the iconic image of the assassination.[23][24][25]

Bobby's wife Ethel stood outside the crush of people at the scene, seeking help.[22] She was soon led to her husband and knelt beside him. He turned his head and seemed to recognize her.[26] After several minutes, medical attendants arrived and lifted Kennedy onto a stretcher, prompting him to whisper, "Don't lift me".[27][28] He lost consciousness shortly thereafter.[29] Kennedy was taken a mile away to Central Receiving Hospital, where he arrived near death. One doctor slapped his face, calling, "Bob, Bob", while another massaged Kennedy's heart.[30] After obtaining a good heartbeat, doctors handed a stethoscope to Ethel so she could hear her husband's heart beating, much to her relief.[22]

After about 30 minutes, Kennedy was transferred several blocks to the Hospital of the Good Samaritan for surgery. A gymnasium near the hospital was set up as temporary headquarters for the press and news media to receive updates on the senator's condition. Surgery began at 3:12 a.m. PDT and lasted three hours and 40 minutes.[31] Ten and a half hours later, at 5:30 p.m. PDT on Wednesday, spokesman Frank Mankiewicz announced that Kennedy's doctors were "concerned over his continuing failure to show improvement"; his condition remained "extremely critical as to life".[32]

Kennedy had been shot three times. One bullet, fired at a range of about 1 අඟල (2.54 cm), entered behind his right ear, dispersing fragments throughout his brain.[33] The other two entered at the rear of his right armpit; one exited from his chest and the other lodged in the back of his neck.[34] Despite extensive neurosurgery at the Good Samaritan Hospital to remove the bullet and bone fragments from his brain, Kennedy died at 1:44 A.M. PDT on June 6, nearly 26 hours after the shooting.[30]

After receiving word of Senator Kennedy's death, his spokesman Frank Mankiewicz left the hospital and walked to the gymnasium where the press and news media were set up for continuous updates on the situation. At 2:00 AM PDT on June 6, Mankiewicz approached the podium, took a few moments to compose himself and made the official announcement:[35]

I have, uh, a short..... I have a short announcement to read, which I will read, uh..... at this time. Senator Robert Francis Kennedy died at 1:44 AM today, June 6, 1968. With Senator Kennedy at the time of his death were his wife Ethel, his sisters Mrs. Stephen Smith, Mrs. Patricia Lawford, his brother-in-law Mr. Stephen Smith, and his sister-in-law Mrs. John F. Kennedy. He was 42 years old. Thank you.

Sirhan Sirhan

ප්‍රධාන ලිපිය: Sirhan Sirhan

Sirhan Sirhan was a Palestinian Arab Christian with Jordanian citizenship, born in Jerusalem, who held strongly anti-Zionist beliefs.[36][37] A diary found during a search of Sirhan's home stated, "My determination to eliminate RFK is becoming more and more of an unshakable obsession. RFK must die. RFK must be killed. Robert F. Kennedy must be assassinated..... Robert F. Kennedy must be assassinated before 5 June 68." It has been suggested that the date of the assassination is significant, because it was the first anniversary of the first day of the Six Day War between Israel and its Arab neighbors.[38] When Sirhan was booked by police, they found in his pocket a newspaper article that discussed Kennedy's support for Israel, and at his trial, Sirhan testified that he began to hate Kennedy after learning of this support.[39][40] In 1989, he told David Frost, "My only connection with Robert Kennedy was his sole support of Israel and his deliberate attempt to send those 50 bombers to Israel to obviously do harm to the Palestinians".[41] Some scholars believe the assassination was one of the first major incidents of political violence stemming from the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East.[42]

The interpretation that he was mostly motivated by Middle Eastern politics has been criticized as an oversimplification that ignores Sirhan's deeper psychological problems.[43]

During his trial, Sirhan's lawyers attempted to use a defense of diminished responsibility,[36] while their client tried to confess to the crime and change his plea to guilty on several occasions.[44] Sirhan testified that he had killed Kennedy "with 20 years of malice aforethought", although he has maintained since being convicted that he has no memory of the crime. The judge did not accept this confession and it was later withdrawn.[44][45]

Sirhan was convicted on April 17, 1969 and six days later was sentenced to death.[46] The sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1972 after the California Supreme Court, in its decision in California v. Anderson, invalidated all pending death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972. In 2011, Sirhan was denied parole for the fourteenth time and is currently confined at the Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in southern San Diego County.[47]

Media coverage

As the shooting took place, ABC News was signing off from its electoral broadcast, while the CBS broadcast was already over.[48] It was not until 21 minutes after the shots that CBS's coverage of the shooting would begin. The reporters who had been present to report on Kennedy's win in the primary ended up crowding into the kitchen where he had been shot and the immediate aftermath was captured only by audio recording and cameras that had no live transmission capability.[19] ABC was able to show scant live footage from the kitchen after Kennedy had been transported but unlike CBS and NBC, all of ABC's coverage from the Ambassador was in black and white.[49] CBS and NBC shot footage in the kitchen of the shooting's aftermath on color film, which could not be broadcast until it was developed two hours after the incident.[48]

Reporter Andrew West of KRKD, a Mutual Broadcasting System radio affiliate in Los Angeles, captured on audio tape the sounds of the immediate aftermath of the shooting but not the actual shooting itself. Using his reel-to-reel tape recorder and attached microphone, West had just recorded the senator's victory speech. With the audio still rolling, West asked the Senator the following question...

Andrew West: "Senator, how are you going to counter Mr. Humphrey and his backgrounding you as far as the delegate votes go?"

Senator Kennedy: "It just goes back to the struggle for it."

After this brief exchange, West turned off his tape recorder and followed Kennedy and his entourage to the kitchen pantry. Just a few minutes later, seconds after Kennedy was shot, West turned his recorder on again and started reporting the sudden developments.....

Andrew West: "Senator Kennedy has been shot! Senator Kennedy has been shot; is that possible? Is that possible? It's.....is it possible, ladies and gentlemen? It is possible, he has.....not only Senator Kennedy, oh my God. Senator Kennedy has been shot, and another man, a Kennedy campaign manager, and possibly shot in the head."

Several seconds later, West gave an on-the-spot account of the struggle with Sirhan in the hotel kitchen pantry, shouting at Rafer Johnson to "Get the gun, Rafer, get the gun!" and telling others to "get a hold of [Sirhan's] thumb and break it, if you have to! Get his thumb!..... We don't want another Oswald!"[50][51]

Over the following week, NBC devoted 55 hours to the shooting and aftermath, ABC 43, and CBS 42, with all three networks preempting their regular coverage and advertisements to cover the story.[48]

Alternative theories

ප්‍රධාන ලිපිය: Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories

As with the 1963 assassination of his brother, President John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy's death has been the subject of widespread analysis. Some individuals involved in the original investigation and some researchers have suggested alternative scenarios for the crime, or have argued that there are serious problems with the official case.[52]

CIA involvement theory

In November 2006, the BBC's Newsnight program presented research by filmmaker Shane O'Sullivan alleging that several CIA officers were present on the night of the assassination.[53] Three men who appear in films and photographs from the night of the assassination were positively identified by former colleagues and associates as former senior CIA officers who had worked together in 1963 at JMWAVE, the CIA's main anti-Castro station based in Miami. They were JMWAVE Chief of Operations David Morales, Chief of Maritime Operations Gordon Campbell and Chief of Psychological Warfare Operations George Joannides.[53][54]

The program featured an interview with Morales's former attorney Robert Walton, who quoted him as having said, "I was in Dallas when we got the son of a bitch and I was in Los Angeles when we got the little bastard."[53] O'Sullivan reported that the CIA declined to comment on the officers in question. It was also alleged that Morales was known for his deep anger toward the Kennedys for what he saw as their betrayal during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.[55]

After further investigation, O'Sullivan produced the feature documentary, RFK Must Die. The film casts doubt on the earlier identifications and ultimately reveals that the man previously identified as Gordon Campbell may, in fact, have been Michael D. Roman, a now-deceased Bulova Watch Company employee, who was at the Ambassador Hotel for a company convention.[56]

Second gunman theory

The location of Kennedy's wounds suggested that his assailant had stood behind him, but some witnesses said that Sirhan faced west as Kennedy moved through the pantry facing east.[57] This has led to the suggestion that a second gunman actually fired the fatal shot, a possibility supported by coroner Thomas Noguchi who stated that the fatal shot was behind Kennedy's right ear and had been fired at a distance of approximately one inch.[58] Other witnesses, though, said that as Sirhan approached, Kennedy was turning to his left shaking hands, facing north and so exposing his right side.[59] As recently as 2008, eyewitness John Pilger asserted his belief that there must have been a second gunman.[60] During a re-examination of the case in 1975, the Los Angeles Superior Court ordered expert examination of the possibility of a second gun having been used, and the conclusion of the experts was that there was little or no evidence to support this theory.[59]

In 2007, analysis of an audio tape recording of the shooting made by freelance reporter Stanislaw Pruszynski appeared to indicate, according to forensic expert Philip Van Praag, that thirteen shots were fired, even though Sirhan's gun held only eight rounds.[57][61] Van Praag states that the recording also reveals at least two cases where the timing between shots was shorter than physically possible. The presence of more than eight shots on the tape was corroborated by forensic audio specialists Wes Dooley and Paul Pegas of Audio Engineering Associates in Pasadena, California, forensic audio and ballistics expert Eddy B. Brixen in Copenhagen, Denmark,[62][63] and audio specialist Phil Spencer Whitehead of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia.[64] Some other acoustic experts, however, have stated that no more than eight shots were recorded on the audio tape.[65]

On February 22, 2012, Sirhan's lawyers, William Pepper and Laurie Dusek, filed a court brief in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles claiming that a second gunman fired the shots that killed Kennedy. It was the fourth and final in a series of federal briefs filed under the writ of habeas corpus by Pepper and Dusek beginning in October 2010. A ruling is now pending in the Sirhan federal case.[66]

Aftermath and legacy

Memorial

Robert Kennedy's grave in Arlington National Cemetery

Following the autopsy on June 6, Kennedy's body was returned to New York City, where he lay in repose at St. Patrick's Cathedral, viewed by thousands, until a funeral mass on the morning of June 8.[67] Kennedy's younger brother, Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy, eulogized him[68] with the words:

My brother need not be idealized, or enlarged in death beyond what he was in life; to be remembered simply as a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it. Those of us who loved him and who take him to his rest today, pray that what he was to us and what he wished for others will some day come to pass for all the world. As he said many times, in many parts of this nation, to those he touched and who sought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say why. I dream things that never were and say why not."

Immediately following the mass, Kennedy's body was transported by a slow-moving train to Washington, D.C. and thousands of mourners lined the tracks and stations, paying their respects as the train passed by.[69]

On the way to the cemetery, the funeral procession passed through Resurrection City, a shantytown protest set up as part of the Poor People's Campaign.[70] The procession stopped in front of the Lincoln Memorial, where residents of Resurrection City joined the group and sang "The Battle Hymn of the Republic".[71][72]

Kennedy was buried near his older brother Jack, in Arlington National Cemetery, in the first burial ever to take place there at night; the second was the burial of his younger brother Ted.[67][69]

After Kennedy's assassination, Congress altered the Secret Service's mandate to include protection for presidential candidates.[73] The remaining candidates were immediately protected under an executive order issued by Lyndon Johnson, putting a strain on the poorly resourced Secret Service.[74]

1968 election

At the time of his death, Kennedy was substantially behind Humphrey in convention delegate support,[75] but many believe that Kennedy would have ultimately secured the nomination following his victory in the California primary.[76] Only thirteen states held primaries that year, meaning that most delegates at the Democratic convention could choose a candidate based on their personal preference. Historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and others have argued that Kennedy's broad appeal and charisma would have been sufficiently convincing at the 1968 Democratic National Convention to give him the nomination.[77] Historian Michael Beschloss believed, however, that Kennedy would not have secured the nomination.[78] Humphrey, after a National Convention in Chicago marred by violence in the streets, was far behind in opinion polls but gained ground. He ultimately lost the general election to Republican Richard Nixon by the narrow popular vote margin of 43.4% to 42.7%. Nixon won by a more decisive 301-191 margin in the electoral vote.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "PHOTOS: A busboy kneels again next to RFK". Los Angeles Times.
  2. ↑ "Bullet switch proves Sirhan Sirhan innocent of Robert F Kennedy assassination, claim lawyers". Daily Record.co.uk. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 12/1/11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ↑ Martinez, Michael (April 30, 2012). "RFK assassination witness tells CNN: There was a second shooter". CNN.
  4. ↑ Fischbach, Michael R. (June 2, 2003). "First Shot in Terror War Killed RFK". Los Angeles Times. සම්ප්‍රවේශය March 12, 2010.
  5. ↑ Ben-David, Lenny (April 4, 2008). "This Kennedy was our friend". Jerusalem Post. සම්ප්‍රවේශය March 9, 2010.
  6. ↑ "Kennedy, Robert Francis — Biographical information". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 July 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ↑ "1964: Election triumph for Lyndon B Johnson". On this Day. BBC. 1964-11-03. 8 April 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ↑ "Biography of Lyndon B. Johnson". White House. 2008-04-09 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-24.
  9. ↑ "1968: Martin Luther King shot dead". On this Day. BBC. 1968-04-04. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2006-09-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  10. ↑ "A timeline of Sen. Eugene McCarthy's life and political career". Minnesota Public Radio. 2005-12-10. 7 September 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ↑ Moldea 1995, p. 26n
  12. ↑ "RFK LAPD Microfilm, Volume 75 (SUS Final Report)". Mary Ferrell Foundation. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-25.
  13. ↑ Moldea 1995, pp. 24–25
  14. ↑ Witcover 1969, pp. 113–114
  15. ↑ Witcover 1969, p. 264
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Witcover 1969, pp. 264–265
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Moldea 1995, chapter 1
  18. ↑ Witcover 1969, p. 266
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "A Life On The Way To Death". TIME. 1968-06-14. 1 May 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Witcover 1969, p. 269
  21. ↑ Lopez, Steve (1998-06-08). "Guarding the Dream". TIME. 30 September 2007 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය August 16, 2007. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Bobby's Last, Longest Day". Newsweek: 29–30. 1968-06-17.
  23. ↑ "Assassination of presidential hopeful Robert F. Kennedy". National Museum of American History. 2007. 8 June 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත (Picture) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ↑ "NikonNet and 'Legends Behind the Lens' Honor the Iconic Works of Photojournalist Bill Eppridge". NikonUSA. 2004-02-04. 2004-03-25 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2012-03-29.
  25. ↑ Reynolds, Christopher (2007-01-05). "Double exposure of history and art, in a shutter's click". Los Angeles Times. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-08-01.
  26. ↑ Witcover 1969, p. 272
  27. ↑ Heymann, C. David (1998). RFK: a candid biography of Robert F. Kennedy. New York: Dutton. p. 500.
  28. ↑ Clarke 2008, p. 275
  29. ↑ Witcover 1969, p. 273
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Everything Was Not Enough". TIME. 1968-06-14. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ↑ Witcover 1969, pp. 281–282
  32. ↑ Witcover 1969, p. 289
  33. ↑ "The Man Who Loved Kennedy". TIME. 1969-02-21. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  34. ↑ Moldea 1995, p. 85
  35. ↑ Huntley, Chet (June 6, 1968). "The Death of Robert F. Kennedy". NBC Nightly News. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. සම්ප්‍රවේශය July 3, 2012.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Behind Steel Doors". TIME. 1969-01-17. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  37. ↑ "Selectivity In Los Angeles". TIME. 1969-01-31. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  38. ↑ Coleman, Loren (2004). The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines. New York: Paraview Pocket. ISBN 978-0-7434-8223-3.
  39. ↑ Moldea 1995, p. 52n
  40. ↑ Trial transcript. Vol. 18. Mary Ferrell Foundation. p. 5244. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-26.
  41. ↑ "Sirhan Felt Betrayed by Kennedy". The New York Times. Associated Press. February 20, 1989. සම්ප්‍රවේශය October 20, 2013.
  42. ↑ "RFK's death now viewed as first case of Mideast violence exported to U.S." San Diego Union Tribune (Boston Globe). June 8, 2008.
  43. ↑ Clarke, James W. (January 1981). "American Assassins: An Alternative Typology". British Journal of Political Science. 11 (1): 81–104. JSTOR 193462. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "A Deadly Iteration". TIME. 1969-03-07. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  45. ↑ Skoloff, Brian (2003-03-06). "Sirhan Sirhan denied parole for 12th time". www.signonsandiego.com. Associated Press. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-26.
  46. ↑ "Sirhan Sirhan Kept Behind Bars". CBS. 2003-03-06. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-18.
  47. ↑ "Sirhan Sirhan moved to new California prison". San Jose Mercury News. November 23, 2013.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 "What Was Going On?". TIME. 1968-06-14. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-28. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  49. ↑ "June 5, 1968: Robert F. Kennedy Dying" ABC News Time Tunnel.
  50. ↑ West, Andrew (1968-06-05). "RFK Assassinated" (Audio). University of Maryland/Library of American Broadcasting. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-08-19.
  51. ↑ Other stations also provided coverage. In 2008, on the 40th anniversary of the assassination, local CBS radio affiliate KNX (AM) made available for streaming and download a 45-minute unedited aircheck of its live coverage of the assassination, including audio from its sister station KNXT-TV (now KCBS-TV).
  52. ↑ Turner, William; Christian, John (1978). The Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. New York: Random House.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 "CIA role claim in Kennedy killing". BBC. 2006-11-21. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-27.
  54. ↑ O'Sullivan, Shane (20 November 2006). "Did the CIA kill Bobby Kennedy?". The Guardian: 10 / G2.
  55. ↑ O'Sullivan, Shane (2006-11-20). "Did the CIA kill Bobby Kennedy?". The Guardian. London. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2006-11-21.
  56. ↑ O'Sullivan, Shane (2007-11-20). RFK Must Die (DVD). Dokument Films.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Randerson, James (2008-02-22). "New evidence challenges official picture of Kennedy shooting". The Guardian. London. 18 April 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-04-28. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  58. ↑ Noguchi, Thomas (1985). Coroner. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-46772-2.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 "Robert F. Kennedy Assassination Summary, Part 1(b)" (PDF). FBI. p. 35. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-25.
  60. ↑ "Democracy Now! Special: Robert F. Kennedy's Life and Legacy 40 Years After His Assassination". democracynow.org. 9 July 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  61. ↑ Pruszynski recording & analysis by acoustic expert Philip Van Praag
  62. ↑ O'Sullivan, Shane (2008) Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert Kennedy. New York: Sterling Publishing. p. 478.
  63. ↑ Discovery Times (now Investigation Discovery) presents "Conspiracy Test: The RFK Assassination" (2007)
  64. ↑ CNN's BackStory reports on the Pruszynski recording & analysis (2009)
  65. ↑ Harrison, P. (2007) 'Analysis of "The Pruszynski Tape"' (report on recording of gunshots). In Ayton, M., The Forgotten Terrorist: Sirhan Sirhan and the Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Washington: Potomac Books.
  66. ↑ Johnson, Brad; Martinez, Michael (March 4, 2012). "Attorneys for RFK convicted killer Sirhan push 'second gunman' argument". CNN.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Hoggard, Liz (2007-01-21). "The night Bobby Kennedy was shot". The Independent on Sunday. December 2, 2007 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-12.
  68. ↑ "American Rhetoric: Edward Kennedy — Eulogy for Robert F. Kennedy". americanrhetoric.com. May 9, 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 "Arlington National Cemetery: Visitor Information". Arlington Cemetery. May 11, 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  70. ↑ Kotz, Nick (2005). "Epilogue: The Legacy". Judgment days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the laws that changed America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 422. ISBN 0-618-08825-3.
  71. ↑ Engler, Mark (January 15, 2010). "Dr. Martin Luther King's Economics: Through Jobs, Freedom". The Nation. සම්ප්‍රවේශය July 19, 2012.
  72. ↑ Mossman, B.C. (1991). "XXVIII: Senator Robert F. Kennedy". The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals 1921–1969. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. සම්ප්‍රවේශය July 19, 2012.
  73. ↑ "United States Secret Service History". United States Secret Service. 13 May 2008 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ↑ Smith, Terence (2003-10-29). "Transcript:Online NewsHour — Deadlines Past". PBS. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-18.
  75. ↑ Kerridge, Steven (2007-01-27). "Would Robert Kennedy have been president?". The Guardian. London. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2007-11-26.
  76. ↑ Thomas, Evan (2000). Robert Kennedy: His Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-684-83480-1.
  77. ↑ Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M. (1996). Robert Kennedy and His Times. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-41061-0.
  78. ↑ Beschloss, Michael (1996-08-11). "Let's Have Conventions With Cliffhangers". The New York Times. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-13.

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