Voynich manuscript
| Voynich manuscript | |
|---|---|
| Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University | |
.jpg) A floral illustration on page 32 | |
| Also known as | Beinecke MS 408 |
| Type | codex |
| Date | unknown, parchment dated to early 15th century[1][2] |
| Place of origin | possibly Italy[1][2] |
| Language(s) | unknown possibly natural[3] or constructed language[4][5] a very small number of words were found in Latin and High German[4] |
| Scribe(s) | unknown |
| Author(s) | unknown suggested: Roger Bacon,[6] Wilfrid Voynich himself,[7] Jakub of Tepenec,[8] Athanasius Kircher,[9] Raphael Mnishovsky,[6] Antonio Averlino Filarete,[10] Cornelis Drebbel,[11] Anthony Ascham[4] etc. |
| Compiled by | unknown |
| Illuminated by | unknown |
| Patron | unknown |
| Dedicated to | unknown |
| Material | vellum |
| Size | ≈ 23.5 cm × 16.2 cm × 5 cm (9.3 in × 6.4 in × 2.0 in) |
| Format | one column in the page body, with slightly indented right margin and with paragraph divisions, and often with stars in the left margin;[12] the rest of the manuscript appears in the form of graphics i.e. diagrams or markings for certain parts related to illustrations; the manuscript contains foldable parts |
| Condition | partially damaged and incomplete; 240 out of 272 pages found (≈ 88%)[13][10][12] i.e. 18 out of 20 quires found (272 pages i.e. 20 quires is the smallest estimated number, and it contains > 170,000 characters)[14] |
| Script | unknown possibly an invented script[15] very small number of words found in Latin script[4][13] |
| Contents | herbal, astronomical, balneological, cosmological and pharmaceutical sections + section with recipes |
| Illumination(s) | color ink, a bit crude, was used for painting the figures, probably later than the time of creation of the text and the outlines themselves[13] |
| Additions | – |
| Exemplar(s) | two manuscript copies which Baresch sent twice to Kircher in Rome |
| Previously kept | ? → Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor → Jakub of Tepenec → Georg Baresch → Athanasius Kircher (copies) → Jan Marek Marci (Joannes Marcus Marci) → rector of Charles University in Prague → Athanasius Kircher → Pieter Jan Beckx → Wilfrid Voynich → Ethel Voynich → Anne Nill → Hans Peter Kraus → Yale[4][9][12][16][17] |
| Discovered | earliest information about the existence comes from a letter that was found inside the covers of the manuscript, and it was written in either 1665 or 1666 |
| Accession | MS 408 |
| Other | cryptography case which has not been solved or deciphered |
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Voynich manuscript යනු හඳුනා නොගත්, බොහෝදුරට අර්ථශුන්‍ය writing system එකක් භාවිතා කරමින් අතින් ලියන ලද illustrated codex එකකි.[18] මෙහි vellum පිටුවල කාබන් කාලනීර්ණය අනුව මෙය පසලොස්වන (15) ශතවර්ෂයට (1404–1438) අයත් යැයි සැලකේ.[1][2] සමහර පිටු අද දක්නට නොමැති මුත් දැනට පිටු 240 ක් ඉතිරිව පවතී.
ආශ්‍රිත
[සංස්කරණය]මූලාශ්‍ර
[සංස්කරණය]- ^ a b c Steindl, Klaus; Sulzer, Andreas (2011). "The Voynich Code — The World's Mysterious Manuscript". March 9, 2012 දින මුල් පිටපත (video) වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 8, 2016.
- ^ a b c Stolte, Daniel (February 10, 2011). "Experts determine age of book 'nobody can read'". PhysOrg. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 8, 2016.
- ^ Landini 2001, pp. 275–295
- ^ a b c d e Tiltman 1967
- ^ Kahn 1967, pp. 870–871
- ^ a b "Philip Neal's analysis of Marci's grammar". Voynich Central. October 7, 2011 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 June 2016.
- ^ Zandbergen, René. "Origin of the manuscript". Voynich.nu. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 June 2016.
- ^ "The New Signature of Horczicky and the Comparison of them all". Hurontaria.baf.cz. 26 January 2009 දින මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් සංරක්ෂණය කරන ලදී. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 June 2016.
- ^ a b Zandbergen, René (May 19, 2016). "Voynich MS – 17th Century letters related to the MS". Voynich.nu. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 9, 2016.
- ^ a b Pelling 2006
- ^ SantaColoma, H. Richard. "New Atlantis Voynich Theory". Santa-coloma.net. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 8, 2016.
- ^ a b c Shailor
- ^ a b c Barabe 2009
- ^ Schmeh, Klaus (January–February 2011). "The Voynich Manuscript: The Book Nobody Can Read". Skeptical Inquirer. සම්ප්‍රවේශය June 8, 2016.
- ^ Kennedy & Churchill 2004
- ^ Schuster 2009, pp. 175–
- ^ D'Imperio 1978
- ^
Schinner, Andreas (April 2007). "The Voynich Manuscript: Evidence of the Hoax Hypothesis". Cryptologia. 31 (2): 95–107. doi:10.1080/01611190601133539. ISSN 0161-1194. S2CID 20016840.
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භාහිර සබැඳි
[සංස්කරණය] Voynich manuscript ගැන තවත් දේ විකිපිඩියා සහෝදර ව්‍යාපෘති හරහා සොයාගන්න
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වික්ෂනරිය වෙතින් අර්ථ දැක්වීම් |
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කොමන්ස් වෙතින් ඡායාරූප හා මාධ්‍ය |
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විකිපොත් වෙතින් පෙළපොත් |
- The Voynich Manuscript from the digital collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University
- The Voynich Manuscript at the Internet Archive
- Voynich Manuscript Voyager – navigating through high-resolution scans
- Voynich සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2015-08-15 at the Wayback Machine, a public-domain font based on Voynich 101, which was used to digitally transcribe the text
- Voynich Manuscript character navigator
- Dunning, Brian (April 5, 2011). "Skeptoid #252: The Voynich Manuscript". Skeptoid.
| ජාත්‍යන්තර | |
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| ජාතික | |
| වෙනත් | |
