චිං කායි-ෂෙක්

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek 蔣中正 Official photo of President Chiang Kai-shek in 1948 Chairman of the Nationalist Government of China In office October 10, 1928 – December 15, 1931 Premier Tan Yankai Soong Tse-ven Preceded by V. K. Wellington Koo (Acting) Succeeded by Lin Sen In office August 1, 1943 – May 20, 1948 Acting until October 10, 1943 Premier Soong Tse-ven Vice Chairman Sun Fo Preceded by Lin Sen Succeeded by Himself (as President of the Republic of China) Chairman of the National Military Council In office December 15, 1931 – May 31, 1946 Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Position abolished President of the Republic of China In office May 20, 1948 – January 21, 1949 Premier Chang Chun Wong Wen-hao Sun Fo Vice President Li Zongren Preceded by Himself (as Chairman of the National Government of China) Succeeded by Li Zongren (Acting) In office March 1, 1950 – April 5, 1975 Premier Yen Hsi-shan Chen Cheng Yu Hung-Chun Chen Cheng Yen Chia-kan Chiang Ching-kuo Vice President Li Zongren Chen Cheng Yen Chia-kan Preceded by Li Zongren (Acting) Succeeded by Yen Chia-kan Premier of the Republic of China In office December 4, 1930 – December 15, 1931 Preceded by Soong Tse-ven Succeeded by Chen Mingshu In office December 9, 1935 – January 1, 1938 President Lin Sen Preceded by Wang Jingwei Succeeded by Hsiang-hsi Kung In office November 20, 1939 – May 31, 1945 President Lin Sen Preceded by Hsiang-hsi Kung Succeeded by Soong Tse-ven In office March 1, 1947 – April 18, 1947 Preceded by Soong Tse-ven Succeeded by Chang Chun 1st, 3rd Director-General of the Kuomintang In office March 29, 1938 – April 5, 1975 Preceded by Hu Hanmin Succeeded by Chiang Ching-kuo (as Chairman of the Kuomintang) Personal details උපක ඔක්තෝම්බර් 31, 1887(1887-10-31) Fenghua, Zhejiang, Qing China මරණය April 5, 1975(1975-04-05) (වයස 87) Taipei, Taiwan තැන්පත් කල ස්ථානය Cihu Mausoleum, Taoyuan, Taiwan ජාතිකත්වය Republic of China දේශපාලන පක්ෂය Kuomintang කලත්‍රයා(යන්) Mao Fumei Yao Yecheng Chen Jieru Soong Mei-ling දරුවන් Chiang Ching-kuo Chiang Wei-kuo (adopted) උගත් ශාස්ත්‍රාලය Baoding Military Academy, Imperial Japanese Army Academy Preparatory School සම්මාන Order of National Glory, Order of Blue Sky and White Sun, 1st class Order of the Sacred Tripod, Legion of Merit අත්සන හමුදා සේවය අපනාමය(න්) "Generalissimo"or "Red General" පක්ෂපාතිත්වය Kuomintang සේවය/ශාඛාව Republic of China Army සේවා වසර 1911–1975 අනුස්ථීතිය General Special Class (特级上将) යුද්ධ/සටන් Xinhai Revolution, Northern Expedition, Sino-Tibetan War, Kumul Rebellion, Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, Chinese Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Kuomintang Islamic Insurgency in China (1950–1958) චිං කායි-ෂෙක් "Chiang Kai-shek" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන 蔣介石 සරල චීන අක්ෂර 蒋介石 පිටපත් කිරීම් Standard Mandarin හන්‍යු පින්යින් Jiǎng Jièshí Wade–Giles Chiang3 Chieh4-shih2 IPA [tɕjàŋ tɕjê.ʂɻ̩̌] ( අසන්න) Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jeang Jiehshyr Wu Shanghainese Romanization tɕiã˧˥ ka˧˥ zàʔ˨˧ Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zoeng2 Gaai3-sek6 IPA සැකිල්ල:IPAc-yue Yale Romanization Jeung2 Gaai3-sek6 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k register name සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන 蔣周泰 සරල චීන අක්ෂර 蒋周泰 පිටපත් කිරීම් Standard Mandarin හන්‍යු පින්යින් Jiǎng Zhōutài IPA [tɕjàŋ ʈʂóu.tʰâi] Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jeang Joutay Wu Shanghainese Romanization tɕiã˧˥ tsɤ˥˨ tʰa˧˥ Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zoeng2 Zau1-taai3 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chiúⁿ Chiu-thài milk name සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන 蔣瑞元 සරල චීන අක්ෂර 蒋瑞元 පිටපත් කිරීම් Standard Mandarin හන්‍යු පින්යින් Jiǎng Ruìyuán IPA [tɕjàŋ ɻwêi.ɥɛ̌n] Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jeang Ruey'yuan Wu Shanghainese Romanization tɕiã˧˥ zø˩˧ɲyø˩˧ Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zoeng2 Seoi6-jyun4 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chiúⁿ Sūi-gôan school name සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන 蔣志清 සරල චීන අක්ෂර 蒋志清 පිටපත් කිරීම් Standard Mandarin හන්‍යු පින්යින් Jiǎng Zhìqīng IPA [tɕjàŋ ʈʂɻ̩̂.tɕʰíŋ] Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jeang Jyhching Wu Shanghainese Romanization tɕiã˧˥ tsɨ˧˥ tɕʰiɲ˥˨ Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zoeng2 Zi3-cing1 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chiúⁿ Chì-chheng adopted name සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන 蔣中正 සරල චීන අක්ෂර 蒋中正 පිටපත් කිරීම් Standard Mandarin හන්‍යු පින්යින් Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng Wade–Giles Chiang Chung-cheng IPA [tɕjàŋ ʈʂʊ́ŋ.ʈʂə̂ŋ] Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jeang Jongjenq Wu Shanghainese Romanization tɕiã˧˥ tsoŋ˥˨ tsəɲ˧˥ Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Zoeng2 Zung1-zing3 Yale Romanization Jeung2 Jung1-Jeng3 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Chiúⁿ Tiong-chèng මෙය චීන නාමයකි; පවුල් නාමය වන්නේ Chiang ය. චිං කායි-ෂෙක් (චීන: 蔣介石; 31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih and known as Chiang Chungcheng (චීන: 蔣中正), was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China. Chiang – who led the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975 – was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, as well as a close ally of Sun Yat-sen's. Chiang became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's many warlords. From 1928 to 1948, Chiang served as chairman of the National Military Council of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China (ROC). Chiang was socially conservative, promoting traditional Chinese culture in the New Life Movement and rejecting both western democracy and Sun's nationalist democratic socialism in favour of an authoritarian government.[තහවුරු කරන්න] Unable to maintain Sun's good relations with the communists, Chiang purged them in a massacre at Shanghai and repression of uprisings at Kwangtung and elsewhere. At the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which later became the Chinese theater of World War II, Zhang Xueliang kidnapped Chiang and obliged him to establish a Second United Front with the communists. After the defeat of the Japanese, the American-sponsored Marshall Mission, an attempt to negotiate a coalition government, failed in 1946. The Chinese Civil War resumed, with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) led by Mao Zedong defeating the Nationalists and declaring the People's Republic of China in 1949. Chiang's government and army retreated to Taiwan, where Chiang imposed martial law and persecuted critics in a period known as the "White Terror". After evacuating to Taiwan, Chiang's government continued to declare its intention to retake mainland China. Chiang ruled Taiwan securely as President of the Republic of China and General of the Kuomintang until his death in 1975, just one year short of Mao's death. Like Mao, Chiang is regarded as a controversial figure: supporters credit him with playing a major part in the Allied victory of the Second World War; detractors and critics denounce him as a dictator at the front of an authoritarian autocracy who suppressed and purged opponents and critics and arbitrarily incarcerated those he deemed as opposing to the Kuomintang among others.