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ISO 15924

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්

ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of writing systems (scripts). Each script is given both a four-letter code and a numeric one.[1] Script is defined as "set of graphic characters used for the written form of one or more languages".[1]

Where possible the codes are derived from ISO 639-2 where the name of a script and the name of a language using the script are identical (example: Gujarātī ISO 639 guj, ISO 15924 Gujr). Preference is given to the 639-2 Bibliographical codes, which is different from the otherwise often preferred use of the Terminological codes.[1]

4-letter ISO 15924 codes are incorporated into the Language Subtag Registry for IETF language tags and so can be used in file formats that make use of such language tags. For example, they can be used in HTML and XML to help Web browsers determine which typeface to use for foreign text. This way one could differentiate, for example, between Serbian written in the Cyrillic (sr-Cyrl) or Latin (sr-Latn) script, or mark romanized text as such.

Maintenance

[සංස්කරණය]

ISO has appointed the Unicode Consortium as the Registration Authority (RA) for the standard. In 2004, the RA appointed Michael Everson to act as Registrar. The Registrar works with a Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) in developing and implementing the standard.[2] The JAC contains six members: the Registrar, one member from the Library of Congress, one from Standards Norway, one from the French Encyclopaedia Universalis, an officer of Unicode, and a member of Unicode. These individuals represent the interests of the ISO 15924 RA, the ISO 639-2 RA, ISO Technical Committee 37, ISO Technical Committee 46, and the ISO Coded Character Set Sub-Committee, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2.[3]

Script codes

[සංස්කරණය]

Numeric ranges

[සංස්කරණය]
  • 000–099 Hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts
  • 100–199 Right-to-left alphabetic scripts
  • 200–299 Left-to-right alphabetic scripts
  • 300–399 Alphasyllabic scripts
  • 400–499 Syllabic scripts
  • 500–599 Ideographic scripts
  • 600–699 Undeciphered scripts
  • 700–799 Shorthands and other notations[4]
  • 800–899 (unassigned)
  • 900–999 Private use, alias, special codes[5]

Special codes

[සංස්කරණය]
  • Qaaa–Qabx (900–949): 50 Codes reserved for private use.
  • Zsye 993: Emoji
  • Zinh 994: Code for inherited script
  • Zmth 995: Mathematical notation
  • Zsym 996: Symbols
  • Zxxx 997: Code for unwritten languages
  • Zyyy 998: Code for undetermined script
  • Zzzz 999: Code for uncoded script

Exceptionally reserved codes

[සංස්කරණය]

Two four letter codes are reserved at the request of the Common Locale Data Repository Project (CLDR):[6]

  • Root: Reserved for the language-neutral base of the CLDR locale tree
  • True: Reserved for the boolean value "true"

List of codes

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This list of codes is from the ISO 15924 standard.[6]

ISO 15924 script codes[a][b] and Unicode[c][d]
ISO 15924 Script in Unicode[e]
Code No. Name Alias[f] Direc­tion Ver­sion Char­acters Remark
Adlm 166 Adlam Adlam R-to-L 9.0 87
Afak 439 Afaka Varies Not in Unicode, proposal under review by the Unicode Technical Committee[7][8]
Aghb 239 Caucasian Albanian Caucasian Albanian L-to-R 7.0 53 Ancient/historic
Ahom 338 Ahom, Tai Ahom Ahom L-to-R 8.0 57 Ancient/historic
Arab 160 Arabic Arabic R-to-L 1.0 1,280
Aran 161 Arabic (Nastaliq variant) R-to-L Typographic variant of Arabic
Armi 124 Imperial Aramaic Imperial Aramaic R-to-L 5.2 31 Ancient/historic
Armn 230 Armenian Armenian L-to-R 1.0 93
Avst 134 Avestan Avestan R-to-L 5.2 61 Ancient/historic
Bali 360 Balinese Balinese L-to-R 5.0 121
Bamu 435 Bamum Bamum L-to-R 5.2 657
Bass 259 Bassa Vah Bassa Vah L-to-R 7.0 36 Ancient/historic
Batk 365 Batak Batak L-to-R 6.0 56
Beng 325 Bengali (Bangla) Bengali L-to-R 1.0 95
Bhks 334 Bhaiksuki Bhaiksuki L-to-R 9.0 97 Ancient/historic
Blis 550 Blissymbols Varies Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Bopo 285 Bopomofo Bopomofo L-to-R 1.0 71
Brah 300 Brahmi Brahmi L-to-R 6.0 109 Ancient/historic
Brai 570 Braille Braille L-to-R 3.0 256
Bugi 367 Buginese Buginese L-to-R 4.1 30
Buhd 372 Buhid Buhid L-to-R 3.2 20
Cakm 349 Chakma Chakma L-to-R 6.1 67
Cans 440 Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Canadian Aboriginal L-to-R 3.0 710
Cari 201 Carian Carian L-to-R 5.1 49 Ancient/historic
Cham 358 Cham Cham L-to-R 5.1 83
Cher 445 Cherokee Cherokee L-to-R 3.0 172
Cirt 291 Cirth Varies Not in Unicode
Copt 204 Coptic Coptic L-to-R 1.0 137 Ancient/historic, Disunified from Greek in 4.1
Cpmn 402 Cypro-Minoan L-to-R Not in Unicode
Cprt 403 Cypriot syllabary Cypriot R-to-L 4.0 55 Ancient/historic
Cyrl 220 Cyrillic Cyrillic L-to-R 1.0 443
Cyrs 221 Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant) Varies Ancient/historic, typographic variant of Cyrillic
Deva 315 Devanagari (Nagari) Devanagari L-to-R 1.0 154
Dogr 328 Dogra L-to-R Not in Unicode
Dsrt 250 Deseret (Mormon) Deseret L-to-R 3.1 80
Dupl 755 Duployan shorthand, Duployan stenography Duployan L-to-R 7.0 143
Egyd 070 Egyptian demotic R-to-L Not in Unicode
Egyh 060 Egyptian hieratic R-to-L Not in Unicode
Egyp 050 Egyptian hieroglyphs Egyptian Hieroglyphs L-to-R 5.2 1,071 Ancient/historic
Elba 226 Elbasan Elbasan L-to-R 7.0 40 Ancient/historic
Ethi 430 Ethiopic (Geʻez) Ethiopic L-to-R 3.0 495
Geok 241 Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri) Georgian Varies Unicode groups Geok and Geor together as "Georgian"
Geor 240 Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli) Georgian L-to-R 1.0 127 For Unicode, see also Geok
Glag 225 Glagolitic Glagolitic L-to-R 4.1 132 Ancient/historic
Gong 312 Gunjala Gondi L-to-R Not in Unicode
Gonm 313 Masaram Gondi Masaram Gondi L-to-R 10.0 75
Goth 206 Gothic Gothic L-to-R 3.1 27 Ancient/historic
Gran 343 Grantha Grantha L-to-R 7.0 85 Ancient/historic
Grek 200 Greek Greek L-to-R 1.0 518 Sometimes expressed as boustrophedon (mirroring of alternate lines rather than purely left-to-right)
Gujr 320 Gujarati Gujarati L-to-R 1.0 91
Guru 310 Gurmukhi Gurmukhi L-to-R 1.0 79
Hanb 503 Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo) Varies See Hani, Bopo
Hang 286 Hangul (Hangŭl, Hangeul) Hangul L-to-R 1.0 11,739 Hangul syllables relocated in 2.0
Hani 500 Han (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja) Han L-to-R 1.0 89,228
Hano 371 Hanunoo (Hanunóo) Hanunoo L-to-R 3.2 21
Hans 501 Han (Simplified variant) Varies Subset Hani
Hant 502 Han (Traditional variant) Varies Subset Hani
Hatr 127 Hatran Hatran R-to-L 8.0 26 Ancient/historic
Hebr 125 Hebrew Hebrew R-to-L 1.0 133
Hira 410 Hiragana Hiragana L-to-R 1.0 376
Hluw 080 Anatolian Hieroglyphs (Luwian Hieroglyphs, Hittite Hieroglyphs) Anatolian Hieroglyphs L-to-R 8.0 583 Ancient/historic
Hmng 450 Pahawh Hmong Pahawh Hmong L-to-R 7.0 127
Hmnp 451 Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong L-to-R Not in Unicode
Hrkt 412 Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana) Katakana or Hiragana Varies See Hira, Kana
Hung 176 Old Hungarian (Hungarian Runic) Old Hungarian R-to-L 8.0 108 Ancient/historic
Inds 610 Indus (Harappan) R-to-L Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Ital 210 Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.) Old Italic L-to-R 3.1 39 Ancient/historic
Jamo 284 Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul) Varies Subset Hang
Java 361 Javanese Javanese L-to-R 5.2 90
Jpan 413 Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana) Varies See Hani, Hira and Kana
Jurc 510 Jurchen L-to-R Not in Unicode
Kali 357 Kayah Li Kayah Li L-to-R 5.1 47
Kana 411 Katakana Katakana L-to-R 1.0 300
Khar 305 Kharoshthi Kharoshthi R-to-L 4.1 65 Ancient/historic
Khmr 355 Khmer Khmer L-to-R 3.0 146
Khoj 322 Khojki Khojki L-to-R 7.0 62 Ancient/historic
Kitl 505 Khitan large script L-to-R Not in Unicode
Kits 288 Khitan small script T-to-B Not in Unicode
Knda 345 Kannada Kannada L-to-R 1.0 88
Kore 287 Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) L-to-R See Hani and Hang
Kpel 436 Kpelle L-to-R Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Kthi 317 Kaithi Kaithi L-to-R 5.2 66 Ancient/historic
Lana 351 Tai Tham (Lanna) Tai Tham L-to-R 5.2 127
Laoo 356 Lao Lao L-to-R 1.0 67
Latf 217 Latin (Fraktur variant) Varies Typographic variant of Latin
Latg 216 Latin (Gaelic variant) L-to-R Typographic variant of Latin
Latn 215 Latin Latin L-to-R 1.0 1,350 See Latin script in Unicode
Leke 364 Leke L-to-R Not in Unicode
Lepc 335 Lepcha (Róng) Lepcha L-to-R 5.1 74
Limb 336 Limbu Limbu L-to-R 4.0 68
Lina 400 Linear A Linear A L-to-R 7.0 341 Ancient/historic
Linb 401 Linear B Linear B L-to-R 4.0 211 Ancient/historic
Lisu 399 Lisu (Fraser) Lisu L-to-R 5.2 48
Loma 437 Loma L-to-R Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Lyci 202 Lycian Lycian L-to-R 5.1 29 Ancient/historic
Lydi 116 Lydian Lydian R-to-L 5.1 27 Ancient/historic
Mahj 314 Mahajani Mahajani L-to-R 7.0 39 Ancient/historic
Maka 366 Makasar L-to-R Not in Unicode
Mand 140 Mandaic, Mandaean Mandaic R-to-L 6.0 29
Mani 139 Manichaean Manichaean R-to-L 7.0 51 Ancient/historic
Marc 332 Marchen Marchen L-to-R 9.0 68 Ancient/historic
Maya 090 Mayan hieroglyphs Not in Unicode
Medf 265 Medefaidrin (Oberi Okaime, Oberi Ɔkaimɛ) L-to-R Not in Unicode
Mend 438 Mende Kikakui Mende Kikakui R-to-L 7.0 213
Merc 101 Meroitic Cursive Meroitic Cursive R-to-L 6.1 90 Ancient/historic
Mero 100 Meroitic Hieroglyphs Meroitic Hieroglyphs R-to-L 6.1 32 Ancient/historic
Mlym 347 Malayalam Malayalam L-to-R 1.0 117
Modi 324 Modi, Moḍī Modi L-to-R 7.0 79 Ancient/historic
Mong 145 Mongolian Mongolian T-to-B 3.0 166 Includes Clear, Manchu scripts
Moon 218 Moon (Moon code, Moon script, Moon type) Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Mroo 264 Mro, Mru Mro L-to-R 7.0 43
Mtei 337 Meitei Mayek (Meithei, Meetei) Meetei Mayek L-to-R 5.2 79
Mult 323 Multani Multani L-to-R 8.0 38 Ancient/historic
Mymr 350 Myanmar (Burmese) Myanmar L-to-R 3.0 223
Narb 106 Old North Arabian (Ancient North Arabian) Old North Arabian R-to-L 7.0 32 Ancient/historic
Nbat 159 Nabataean Nabataean R-to-L 7.0 40 Ancient/historic
Newa 333 Newa, Newar, Newari, Nepāla lipi Newa L-to-R 9.0 92
Nkdb 085 Naxi Dongba (na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹, Nakhi Tomba) L-to-R Not in Unicode
Nkgb 420 Nakhi Geba (na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹, 'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw, Nakhi Geba) L-to-R Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Nkoo 165 N’Ko NKo R-to-L 5.0 59
Nshu 499 Nüshu Nushu L-to-R 10.0 397
Ogam 212 Ogham Ogham 3.0 29 Ancient/historic
Olck 261 Ol Chiki (Ol Cemet’, Ol, Santali) Ol Chiki L-to-R 5.1 48
Orkh 175 Old Turkic, Orkhon Runic Old Turkic R-to-L 5.2 73 Ancient/historic
Orya 327 Oriya (Odia) Oriya L-to-R 1.0 90
Osge 219 Osage Osage L-to-R 9.0 72
Osma 260 Osmanya Osmanya L-to-R 4.0 40
Palm 126 Palmyrene Palmyrene R-to-L 7.0 32 Ancient/historic
Pauc 263 Pau Cin Hau Pau Cin Hau L-to-R 7.0 57
Perm 227 Old Permic Old Permic L-to-R 7.0 43 Ancient/historic
Phag 331 Phags-pa Phags-pa T-to-B 5.0 56 Ancient/historic
Phli 131 Inscriptional Pahlavi Inscriptional Pahlavi R-to-L 5.2 27 Ancient/historic
Phlp 132 Psalter Pahlavi Psalter Pahlavi R-to-L 7.0 29 Ancient/historic
Phlv 133 Book Pahlavi R-to-L Not in Unicode
Phnx 115 Phoenician Phoenician R-to-L 5.0 29 Ancient/historic
Piqd 293 Klingon (KLI pIqaD) L-to-R Rejected for inclusion in the Unicode Standard[9][10]
Plrd 282 Miao (Pollard) Miao L-to-R 6.1 133
Prti 130 Inscriptional Parthian Inscriptional Parthian R-to-L 5.2 30 Ancient/historic
Qaaa 900 Reserved for private use (start) Not in Unicode
Qaai 908 (Private use) Not in Unicode (Before version 5.2, this was used instead of Zinh)
Qabx 949 Reserved for private use (end) Not in Unicode
Rjng 363 Rejang (Redjang, Kaganga) Rejang L-to-R 5.1 37
Rohg 167 Hanifi Rohingya R-to-L Not in Unicode
Roro 620 Rongorongo Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Runr 211 Runic Runic L-to-R 3.0 86 Ancient/historic
Samr 123 Samaritan Samaritan R-to-L 5.2 61
Sara 292 Sarati Not in Unicode
Sarb 105 Old South Arabian Old South Arabian R-to-L 5.2 32 Ancient/historic
Saur 344 Saurashtra Saurashtra L-to-R 5.1 82
Sgnw 095 SignWriting SignWriting T-to-B 8.0 672
Shaw 281 Shavian (Shaw) Shavian L-to-R 4.0 48
Shrd 319 Sharada, Śāradā Sharada L-to-R 6.1 94
Shui 530 Shuishu L-to-R Not in Unicode
Sidd 302 Siddham, Siddhaṃ, Siddhamātṛkā Siddham L-to-R 7.0 92 Ancient/historic
Sind 318 Khudawadi, Sindhi Khudawadi L-to-R 7.0 69
Sinh 348 Sinhala Sinhala L-to-R 3.0 110
Sogd 141 Sogdian R-to-L Not in Unicode
Sogo 142 Old Sogdian R-to-L Not in Unicode
Sora 398 Sora Sompeng Sora Sompeng L-to-R 6.1 35
Soyo 329 Soyombo Soyombo L-to-R 10.0 80 Ancient/historic
Sund 362 Sundanese Sundanese L-to-R 5.1 72
Sylo 316 Syloti Nagri Syloti Nagri L-to-R 4.1 44
Syrc 135 Syriac Syriac R-to-L 3.0 88
Syre 138 Syriac (Estrangelo variant) R-to-L Typographic variant of Syriac
Syrj 137 Syriac (Western variant) R-to-L Typographic variant of Syriac
Syrn 136 Syriac (Eastern variant) R-to-L Typographic variant of Syriac
Tagb 373 Tagbanwa Tagbanwa L-to-R 3.2 18
Takr 321 Takri, Ṭākrī, Ṭāṅkrī Takri L-to-R 6.1 66
Tale 353 Tai Le Tai Le L-to-R 4.0 35
Talu 354 New Tai Lue New Tai Lue L-to-R 4.1 83
Taml 346 Tamil Tamil L-to-R 1.0 72
Tang 520 Tangut Tangut L-to-R 9.0 6,881 Ancient/historic
Tavt 359 Tai Viet Tai Viet L-to-R 5.2 72
Telu 340 Telugu Telugu L-to-R 1.0 96
Teng 290 Tengwar L-to-R Not in Unicode
Tfng 120 Tifinagh (Berber) Tifinagh L-to-R 4.1 59
Tglg 370 Tagalog (Baybayin, Alibata) Tagalog L-to-R 3.2 20
Thaa 170 Thaana Thaana R-to-L 3.0 50
Thai 352 Thai Thai L-to-R 1.0 86
Tibt 330 Tibetan Tibetan L-to-R 2.0 207 Added in 1.0, removed in 1.1 and reintroduced in 2.0
Tirh 326 Tirhuta Tirhuta L-to-R 7.0 82
Ugar 040 Ugaritic Ugaritic L-to-R 4.0 31 Ancient/historic
Vaii 470 Vai Vai L-to-R 5.1 300
Visp 280 Visible Speech L-to-R Not in Unicode
Wara 262 Warang Citi (Varang Kshiti) Warang Citi L-to-R 7.0 84
Wcho 283 Wancho L-to-R Not in Unicode
Wole 480 Woleai R-to-L Not in Unicode, proposal in initial/exploratory stage[7]
Xpeo 030 Old Persian Old Persian L-to-R 4.1 50 Ancient/historic
Xsux 020 Cuneiform, Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform L-to-R 5.0 1,234 Ancient/historic
Yiii 460 Yi Yi L-to-R 3.0 1,220
Zanb 339 Zanabazar Square (Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg, Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig, Horizontal Square Script) Zanabazar Square L-to-R 10.0 72 Ancient/historic
Zinh 994 Code for inherited script Inherited Inherited 568
Zmth 995 Mathematical notation L-to-R Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zsym 996 Symbols Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zsye 993 Symbols (emoji variant) Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zxxx 997 Code for unwritten documents Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zyyy 998 Code for undetermined script Common 7,363
Zzzz 999 Code for uncoded script Unknown 977,357 All other code points
Notes
  1. ^ ISO 15924 publications 21 නොවැම්බර් 2017 වන විට
  2. ^ ISO 15924 Normative text file 21 නොවැම්බර් 2017 වන විට
  3. ^ ISO 15924 Changes (including Aliases for Unicode; 21 නොවැම්බර් 2017 වන විට)
  4. ^ Unicode version 10.0
  5. ^ Unicode charts
  6. ^ Unicode uses the "Property Value Alias" (Alias) as the script-name. These Alias names are part of Unicode and are published informatively next to ISO 15924

Relations to other standards

[සංස්කරණය]

The following standards are referred to as indispensable by ISO 15924.

  • ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code
  • ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991 Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 1: Architecture
  • ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)

For definition of font and glyph the standard refers to

  • ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991

Around 140 scripts are defined in Unicode. Through a linkpin called "Property Value Alias", Unicode has made a 1:1 connection between a script defined, and its ISO 15924 standard. See Script (Unicode).

References

[සංස්කරණය]
  1. ^ a b c Everson, Michael. "ISO 15924:2004". සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2011-06-21.
  2. ^ Unicode - ISO 15924 Registration Authority
  3. ^ "Joint Advisory Committee ISO 15924 /RA-JAC". ISO, Unicode, Inc. & Evertype. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2011-06-24.
  4. ^ In July, 2010, Duployan shorthand was assigned code 755, even though the 700-799 range still carried its original designation of (unassigned). Shortly thereafter, Revision 1.1 clarified that codes in the 700s were reserved for "Shorthands and other notations", although that revision is only provisional until it can be confirmed by governing committees.
  5. ^ Everson, Michael (2004-01-09). "ISO 15924:2004 Information and documentation — Codes for the representation of names of scripts". Unicode Consortium.
  6. ^ a b "ISO 15924:2004 – Codes for the representation of names of scripts". Unicode. 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Proposed New Scripts". Unicode Consortium. 2015-06-12. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2015-07-16.
  8. ^ "Roadmap to the SMP". Unicode Consortium. 2015-03-26. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2015-05-22.
  9. ^ Michael Everson (1997-09-18). "Proposal to encode Klingon in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646-2".
  10. ^ The Unicode Consortium (2001-08-14). "Approved Minutes of the UTC 87 / L2 184 Joint Meeting".
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