විද්වත් නිලධාරී

විද්වත්-නිලධාරීන්, හෙවත් විද්වත්-මහත්වරුන් හෝ විද්වත්-රාජ්‍යතාන්ත්‍රිකයන් (චීන: 士大夫; පින්යින්: shì dàfū) ‍යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ සමාජයේ ගෞරවනීය පුද්ගලයන් ලෙස පිළිගැනුණු රාජ්‍ය නිලධාරීන් ලෙස කටයුතු කළ විද්වතුන් ය. එසේම මෙම වදන එම විද්වතුන්ගෙන් සැදි විශේෂ සමාජ පන්තිය නිරූපණයට ද භාවිතා වේ.

සටහන්[සංස්කරණය]

ආශ්‍රේයයන්[සංස්කරණය]

Elman, Benjamin A. (2009), "Civil Service Examinations (Keju)", Berkshire Encyclopedia of China, Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire, pp. 405–410, https://www.princeton.edu/~elman/documents/Civil%20Service%20Examinations.pdf
Yongle, Zhang, and Daniel A. Bell, editors. “Scholar-Officials.” The Constitution of Ancient China, by Su Li and Edmund Ryden, Princeton University Press, PRINCETON; OXFORD, 2018, pp. 98–138. JSTOR^[1]
Liu, Bo. “The Multivalent Imagery of the Ox in Song Painting.” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, vol. 44, 2014, pp. 33–84. JSTOR^[2]
“Scholar-Officials: Struggling for the Right Position.” Thriving in Crisis: Buddhism and Political Disruption in China, 1522–1620, by Dewei Zhang, Columbia University Press, New York, 2020, pp. 119–155. JSTOR^[3]
Wang, Rui. Wu Zetian's Contribution to the Cultural Development of the Tang Dynasty. ProQuest, 2008.

වැඩිදුර කියවීමට[සංස්කරණය]

Esherick, Joseph and Mary Backus Rankin (1990). Chinese Local Elites and Patterns of Dominance. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520067630.. Free online text.
Max Weber, The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism (1916; transl. 1951)
Jerry Bentley and Herb Ziegler. Traditions and Encounters - A Global Perspective on the Past.
Zhang, Zhongli (1955). The Chinese Gentry; Studies on Their Role in Nineteenth-Century Chinese Society. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

බාහිර සබැඳි[සංස්කරණය]

Late Qing China: Reform and Rebellion (1898 -1900)
Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynasties
The Chinese Scholar-Official Education About Asia, Columbia University.

සැකිල්ල:Chinese Imperial Government සැකිල්ල:Education of the People's Republic of China සැකිල්ල:Intellectualism

↑ Li, Su; Ryden, Edmund (2018). The Constitution of Ancient China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17159-3. JSTOR j.ctt20fw8c6.
↑ Liu, Bo (2014). "The Multivalent Imagery of the Ox in Song Painting". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 44: 33–84. ISSN 1059-3152. JSTOR 44511239.
↑ Zhang, Dewei (2020). Thriving in Crisis: Buddhism and Political Disruption in China, 1522–1620. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/zhan19700.13 (inactive 2020-12-25). ISBN 978-0-231-19700-7. JSTOR 10.7312/zhan19700.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of දෙසැම්බර් 2020 (link)

[1] Li, Su; Ryden, Edmund (2018). The Constitution of Ancient China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-17159-3. JSTOR j.ctt20fw8c6.

[2] Liu, Bo (2014). "The Multivalent Imagery of the Ox in Song Painting". Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. 44: 33–84. ISSN 1059-3152. JSTOR 44511239.

[3] Zhang, Dewei (2020). Thriving in Crisis: Buddhism and Political Disruption in China, 1522–1620. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/zhan19700.13 (inactive 2020-12-25). ISBN 978-0-231-19700-7. JSTOR 10.7312/zhan19700.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of දෙසැම්බර් 2020 (link)

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