"ගෙවතු වගාව සහ ගෙවතු අලංකරණය" හි සංශෝධන අතර වෙනස්කම්

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්
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1 පේළිය: 1 පේළිය:
{{දියුණු කරන්න}}
{{දියුණු කරන්න}}
'''ගෙවතු වගාව සහ ගෙවතු අලංකරණය''' (En=Gardening)''' <br>


ගෙවතු වගාව යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට සුළු පරිමානයෙන් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීමයි.<br>
ගෙවතු වගාව යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට සුළු පරිමානයෙන් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීමයි.<br>

Useful plants may be grown for consumption ([[vegetable]]s, [[fruit]]s, [[herb]]s, or [[leaf vegetables]]) or for a variety of other purposes, such as medicines or dyes.<br>


ගෙවතු අලංකරණය යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට අලංකාරය සඳහා [[විසිතුරු ශාක]] (Ornamental plants) වැවීමයි.<br>
ගෙවතු අලංකරණය යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට අලංකාරය සඳහා [[විසිතුරු ශාක]] (Ornamental plants) වැවීමයි.<br>

Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance. <br>


වර්ථමානයේ නැඹුරුව වන්නේ අලංකාරය සඳහාද ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීම බැවින් මෙම සංකල්ප 2 අතිපිහිතවේ.<br>
වර්ථමානයේ නැඹුරුව වන්නේ අලංකාරය සඳහාද ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීම බැවින් මෙම සංකල්ප 2 අතිපිහිතවේ.<br>


Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees and [[herbaceous]] plants, to residential yards including lawns and foundation plantings, to large or small containers grown inside or outside. Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a large number of different plants in mixed plantings. It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor intensive, which differentiates it from [[farming]] or [[forestry]].


== ඉතිහාසය ==
== ඉතිහාසය ==
17 පේළිය: 15 පේළිය:


Gardening for food extends far back into [[prehistory]]. [[Ornamental Gardens|Ornamental gardens]] were known in ancient times, a famous example being the [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]], while [[ancient Rome]] had dozens of gardens.
Gardening for food extends far back into [[prehistory]]. [[Ornamental Gardens|Ornamental gardens]] were known in ancient times, a famous example being the [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]], while [[ancient Rome]] had dozens of gardens.

==Types==
[[Image:SF Conservatory of Flowers 3.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Conservatory of Flowers in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco]]
[[Residential garden]]ing takes place near the home, in a space referred to as the '''[[garden]]'''. Although a garden typically is located on the land near a residence, it may also be located [[roof garden|on a roof]], in an [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]], on a [[balcony]], in a [[windowbox]], or [[patio garden|on a patio]] or [[vivarium]].

Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as [[park]]s, public or semi-public gardens ([[botanical garden]]s or [[zoological garden]]s), [[amusement park|amusement]] and [[theme park]]s, along transportation corridors, and around [[tourism|tourist attractions]] and [[garden hotels]]. In these situations, a staff of [[gardener]]s or [[groundskeeper]]s maintains the gardens.

[[Impact Garden]]ing is a way of using small space to great effect, keeping plants close together, which blocks weeds and requires very little upkeep once started.

[[Indoor garden]]ing is concerned with the growing of [[houseplant]]s within a residence or building, in a [[conservatory (greenhouse)|conservatory]], or in a [[greenhouse]]. Indoor gardens are sometimes incorporated as part of [[air conditioning]] or [[heating]] systems.

[[Water garden]]ing is concerned with growing plants adapted to pools and [[pond]]s. [[Bog]] gardens are also considered a type of water garden. These all require special conditions and considerations. A simple water garden may consist solely of a tub containing the [[water]] and plant(s).

[[Container garden]]ing is concerned with growing plants in any type of container either indoors or outdoors. Common containers are pots, hanging baskets, and planters. Container gardening is usually used in atriums and on balconies, patios, and roof tops.

[[Community garden]]ing is a social activity in which an area of land is gardened by a group of people, providing access to fresh produce and plants as well as access to satisfying labor, neighborhood improvement, sense of community and connection to the environment. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.communitygarden.org/learn/ |publisher=American Community Garden Association |date=2007 |title=What is a community garden?}}</ref><ref> Hannah, A.K. & Oh, P. (2000) Rethinking Urban Poverty: A look at Community Gardens. ''Bulletin of Science, Technology and & Society.'' 20(3). 207-216. </ref> Community gardens are typically owned in trust by local governments or nonprofits.<ref> Ferris, J., Norman, C. & Sempik, J. (2001) People, Land and Sustainability: Community Gardens and the Social Dimension of Sustainable Development. ''Social Policy and Administration.'' 35(5). 559-568.</ref>

==Gardeners==
[[Image:gardening.jpg|thumb|200px|A gardener]]
A "gardener" is any person involved in [[gardening]], arguably the oldest occupation, from the [[hobbyist]] in a [[residential garden]], the homeowner supplementing the family food with a small [[vegetable garden]] or [[orchard]], to an employee in a [[nursery]] or the [[head gardener]] in a [[great house|large estate]].

The term gardener is also used to describe [[garden design]]ers and [[landscape gardener]]s, who are involved chiefly in the design of gardens, rather than the practical aspects of [[horticulture]].

[[History of gardening|Gardening has a long history]], and there have been many [[History of gardening#Historic gardeners|pioneering gardeners]] of note, from the great landscape gardeners of the 18th century, to those who created or expanded the idea of the [[No-dig gardening|"no-dig" garden]]. In addition, television [[lifestyle programs]] have spawned a number of [[celebrity gardener]]s. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}

== Gardening Departments and Centers ==
Gardening Departments and Centers are specialized in gardening. [[Leroy Merlin]] includes a gardening department.

==Comparison with farming==

In respect to its food producing purpose, gardening is distinguished from [[Agriculture|farming]] chiefly by scale and intent. Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of saleable goods as a major motivation. Gardening is done on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in that some moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, often called [[market gardening]], can fit in either category.
[[Image:Brian Farrell plants.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Planting in a garden.]]
The key distinction between gardening and farming is essentially one of scale; gardening can be a hobby or an income supplement, but farming is generally understood as a full-time or commercial activity, usually involving more land and quite different practices. One distinction is that gardening is labor-intensive and employs very little [[infrastructural capital]], sometimes no more than a few tools, e.g. a [[spade]], [[Hoe (tool)|hoe]], [[basket]] and [[watering can]]. By contrast, larger-scale farming often involves [[irrigation system]]s, chemical [[fertilizer]]s and [[combine harvester|harvesters]] or at least [[ladder]]s, e.g. to reach up into [[fruit tree]]s. However, this distinction is becoming blurred with the increasing use of power tools in even small gardens.

In part because of labor intensity and aesthetic motivations, gardening is very often much more productive per unit of land than farming. In the [[Soviet Union]], half the [[food supply]] came from small peasants' garden plots on the huge government-run [[collective farm]]s, although they were tiny patches of land. Some argue this as evidence of superiority of [[capitalism]], since the peasants were generally able to sell their produce. Others consider it to be evidence of a [[tragedy of the commons]], since the large collective plots were often neglected, or fertilizers or water redirected to the private gardens.

The term [[precision agriculture]] is sometimes used to describe gardening using [[intermediate technology]] (more than tools, less than harvesters), especially of [[organic farming|organic varieties]]. Gardening is effectively scaled up to feed entire [[village]]s of over 100 people from specialized plots. A variant is the [[community garden]] which offers plots to urban dwellers; see further in [[allotment (gardening)]].

==Gardens as art==
{{seealso|Landscape architecture}}
[[Garden design]] is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, which generally means ''garden maintenance''. In [[Japan]], [[Samurai]] and [[Zen monk]]s were often required to build decorative gardens or practice related skills like [[flower arrangement]] known as ''[[ikebana]]''. In 18th century Europe, country estates were refashioned by landscape gardeners into [[formal garden]]s or landscaped park lands, such as at [[Versailles]], France or [[Stowe, Buckinghamshire|Stowe]], England. Today, [[landscape architect]]s and [[garden designer]]s continue to produce artistically creative designs for private garden spaces.

==Social aspects==
In modern [[Europe]] and [[North America]], people often express their political or social views in gardens, intentionally or not. The [[lawn]] vs. garden issue is played out in [[urban planning]] as the debate over the "[[land ethic]]" that is to determine urban [[land use]] and whether hyper [[hygienist]] [[bylaw]]s (e.g. [[weed control]]) should apply, or whether land should generally be allowed to exist in its natural wild state. In a famous [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Charter of Rights]] case, "Sandra Bell vs. City of Toronto", 1997, the right to cultivate all native species, even most varieties deemed noxious or allergenic, was upheld as part of the [[right of free expression]].

People often surround their house and garden with a [[hedge (barrier)|hedge]]. Common hedge plants are [[privet]], [[Crataegus|hawthorn]], [[beech]], [[Taxus|yew]], [[Leyland Cypress|leyland cypress]], [[Tsuga|hemlock]], [[Thuja occidentalis|arborvitae]], [[Berberis|barberry]], [[Buxus|box]], [[holly]], [[oleander]], [[forsythia]] and [[lavender]]. The idea of open gardens without hedges may be distasteful to those who enjoy privacy. This may have an advantage to local [[wildlife]] by providing a habitat for [[birds]], animals, and wild plants. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}.

Gardening is thus not only a food source and art, but also a right. {{Fact|date=October 2008}} The [[Slow Food]] movement has sought in some countries to add an [[edible]] [[school]][[yard]] and garden [[classroom]]s to schools, e.g. in [[Fergus, Ontario]], where these were added to a public school to augment the [[kitchen]] classroom.

In [[United States|US]] and [[British English|British]] usage, the production of ornamental plantings around buildings is called ''[[landscaping]]'', ''landscape maintenance'' or ''grounds keeping'', while international usage uses the term ''gardening'' for these same activities.

==Garden pests==
A garden pest is generally an insect, plant, or animal that engages in activity that the gardener considers undesirable. It may crowd out desirable plants, disturb soil, eat young seedlings, steal fruit, or otherwise kill plants, hamper their growth, damage their appearance, or reduce the quality of the edible or ornamental portions of the plant.

Because each gardener may have different goals, a garden pest is what the gardener considers a pest. For example, ''[[Tropaeolum]] speciosum'', while beautiful, can be considered a pest if it [[seeds]] and starts to grow where it is not wanted. As the root is well below ground, pulling it up does not remove it: it simply grows again and becomes what may be considered a pest.

As another example, in [[lawn]]s, moss can become dominant and be impossible to eradicate. In some lawns, [[lichens]], especially very damp lawn lichens such as [[Peltigera]] lactucfolia and P. membranacea, can become difficult and be considered pests.

There are many ways to remove unwanted pests from a garden. The techniques vary depending on the pest, the gardener's goals, and the gardener's philosophy. For example, snails may be dealt with through a chemical pesticide, an organic pesticide, hand-picking, barriers, or simply growing snail-resistant plants.


==See also==
==See also==

10:16, 8 දෙසැම්බර් 2010 තෙක් සංශෝධනය

ගෙවතු වගාව යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට සුළු පරිමානයෙන් ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීමයි.


ගෙවතු අලංකරණය යනු නිවස හෝ සේවාස්ථානය අවට අලංකාරය සඳහා විසිතුරු ශාක (Ornamental plants) වැවීමයි.


වර්ථමානයේ නැඹුරුව වන්නේ අලංකාරය සඳහාද ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නා ශාක (useful plants) වැවීම බැවින් මෙම සංකල්ප 2 අතිපිහිතවේ.


ඉතිහාසය

Gardening for food extends far back into prehistory. Ornamental gardens were known in ancient times, a famous example being the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, while ancient Rome had dozens of gardens.

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

සැකිල්ල:Wmog

  • J. L. Budd. "American Horticultural Manual Vol1". John Wiley & Sons. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2008-05-11.