සැකිල්ල:Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

Branches Classical · Statistical · Chemical Equilibrium / Non-equilibrium Thermofluids Laws Zeroth law First law Second law Third law State and Properties State: System (open, isolated, closed) Boundary · Environment · Equilibrium Instruments (heat bath, reservoir) Phase of matter State properties: State function · Process function Diagrams Intensive · Extensive Temperature / Entropy (intro.) † Pressure / Volume (specific) † Chemical potential / Particle number † († Conjugate variables) Reduced properties Material properties:සැකිල්ල:Material properties equations (thermodynamics)Property database Processes and Cycles Processes: Isobaric · Isochoric · Isothermal Adiabatic · Isentropic · Isenthalpic Quasistatic · Polytropic Reversibility · Endoreversibility · Irreversibility Cycles: Heat engines · Heat pumps Thermal efficiency Equations Carnot's theorem Clausius theorem Fundamental relation Ideal gas law Maxwell relations Work Table of thermodynamic equations Potentials Free energy · Free entropy Internal energy $U(S,V)$ Enthalpy $H(S,p)=U+pV$ Helmholtz free energy $A(T,V)=U-TS$ Gibbs free energy $G(T,p)=H-TS$ History and Culture Philosophy: Entropy and time · Entropy and life Brownian ratchet · Maxwell's demon Heat death paradox · Loschmidt's paradox Synergetics History: General · Heat · Entropy · Gas laws Perpetual motion Theories: Caloric theory · Vis viva · Theory of heat Mechanical equivalent of heat · Motive power Publications: "An Experimental Enquiry Concerning ... Heat" "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances" "Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire" Timelines of: Thermodynamics · Heat engines Art: Maxwell's thermodynamic surface Scientists Daniel Bernoulli Sadi Carnot Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron Rudolf Clausius Hermann von Helmholtz Julius Robert von Mayer William Rankine John Smeaton Georg Ernst Stahl Benjamin Thompson William Thomson John James Waterston