| USSR (to 1991) and Russian government manned space programs | ||
| Active: Soyuz | ISS (joint) | Kliper (planned) | ||
| Past: Vostok | Voskhod | සැලියුට් | Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (joint) | Mir | ||
| Cancelled: Zond (lunar Soyuz) | N1 rocket | Spiral | Almaz (incorporated into සැලියුට් program) | Buran |